Numeri 13:19 (Numbers 13:19)

Posted on May 10, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 13:19 considerate Terram, qualis sit: et populum qui habitator est eius, utrum fortis sit an infirmus: si pauci numero an plures:

examine the Land, what kind it is; and the people who is the inhabitant of it, whether it is strong or weak; whether few in number or more;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 considerate examine 2PL.PRES.ACT.IMP.MOOD
2 Terram the Land ACC.SG.F
3 qualis what kind NOM.SG.F REL
4 sit it may be 3SG.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
5 et and CONJ
6 populum the people ACC.SG.M
7 qui who NOM.SG.M REL
8 habitator inhabitant NOM.SG.M
9 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
10 eius of it GEN.SG.M PERS
11 utrum whether CONJ
12 fortis strong NOM.SG.M
13 sit it may be 3SG.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
14 an or CONJ
15 infirmus weak NOM.SG.M
16 si if CONJ
17 pauci few NOM.PL.M
18 numero in number ABL.SG.M
19 an or CONJ
20 plures more NOM.PL.M CMPR

Syntax

Main Clause: considerate Terram is the imperative command.

Indirect Question: qualis sit describes the nature of the land.

Object Phrase: populum continues the command as a second object.

Relative Clause: qui habitator est eius describes the people.

Indirect Question: utrum fortis sit an infirmus expresses alternative qualities.

Indirect Question: si pauci numero an plures expresses comparison of number.

Clause Function: The sentence gives investigative instructions through a series of indirect questions.

Morphology

  1. considerate — Lemma: considero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active imperative second person plural; Function: main command; Translation: examine; Notes: Instruction to observe carefully.
  2. Terram — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine first declension; Function: direct object; Translation: the Land; Notes: Object of examination.
  3. qualis — Lemma: qualis; Part of Speech: interrogative adjective; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: what kind; Notes: Introduces indirect question.
  4. sit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present subjunctive third person singular; Function: verb of indirect question; Translation: it may be; Notes: Subjunctive marks indirect inquiry.
  5. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: connects objects; Translation: and; Notes: Adds further inquiry.
  6. populum — Lemma: populus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine second declension; Function: second object; Translation: the people; Notes: Object of examination.
  7. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of clause; Translation: who; Notes: Refers to people collectively.
  8. habitator — Lemma: habitator; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine third declension; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: inhabitant; Notes: Describes the people.
  9. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative third person singular; Function: copulative verb; Translation: is; Notes: Links subject and predicate.
  10. eius — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: genitive singular; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of it; Notes: Refers to the land.
  11. utrum — Lemma: utrum; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces alternative question; Translation: whether; Notes: Begins contrast.
  12. fortis — Lemma: fortis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: strong; Notes: Describes people.
  13. sit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present subjunctive third person singular; Function: verb of indirect question; Translation: it may be; Notes: Subjunctive for inquiry.
  14. an — Lemma: an; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces alternative; Translation: or; Notes: Second option.
  15. infirmus — Lemma: infirmus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: weak; Notes: Opposite of fortis.
  16. si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces alternative; Translation: if; Notes: Functions like “whether” in this context.
  17. pauci — Lemma: paucus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: few; Notes: Describes number.
  18. numero — Lemma: numerus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine second declension; Function: ablative of respect; Translation: in number; Notes: Specifies aspect.
  19. an — Lemma: an; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces alternative; Translation: or; Notes: Second option.
  20. plures — Lemma: multus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative plural masculine comparative; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: more; Notes: Comparative of quantity.

 

Numeri 13:19 (Numbers 13:19) = Numeri 13:18 (Numbers 13:18)

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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