Numeri 16:40 (Numbers 16:40)

Posted on May 13, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 16:40 ut haberent postea filii Israel, quibus commonerentur ne quis accedat alienigena, et qui non est de semine Aaron ad offerendum incensum Domino, ne patiatur sicut passus est Core, et omnis congregatio eius, loquente Domino ad Moysen.

so that afterward the sons of Israel might have something by which they would be reminded that no foreigner, and anyone who is not of the offspring of Aaron, should approach to offer incense to the LORD, lest he suffer as Core suffered, and all his congregation, when the LORD spoke to Moyses.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 ut so that CONJ
2 haberent they might have 3PL.IMP.ACT.SUBJ
3 postea afterward ADV
4 filii sons NOM.PL.M
5 Israel Israel GEN.SG.M.INDECL
6 quibus by which ABL.PL.N.REL
7 commonerentur they might be reminded 3PL.IMP.PASS.SUBJ
8 ne lest CONJ
9 quis anyone NOM.SG.M.INDEF
10 accedat should approach 3SG.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
11 alienigena foreigner NOM.SG.M
12 et and CONJ
13 qui who NOM.SG.M.REL
14 non not ADV
15 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
16 de from PREP+ABL
17 semine offspring ABL.SG.N
18 Aaron Aaron GEN.SG.M.INDECL
19 ad to PREP+ACC
20 offerendum offering ACC.SG.N.GER
21 incensum incense ACC.SG.N
22 Domino LORD DAT.SG.M
23 ne lest CONJ
24 patiatur he suffer 3SG.PRES.DEP.SUBJ
25 sicut as CONJ
26 passus suffered NOM.SG.M.PTCP.PERF.DEP
27 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
28 Core Korah NOM.SG.M
29 et and CONJ
30 omnis all NOM.SG.F
31 congregatio congregation NOM.SG.F
32 eius his GEN.SG.M
33 loquente speaking ABL.SG.M.PTCP.PRES.DEP
34 Domino LORD ABL.SG.M
35 ad to PREP+ACC
36 Moysen Moses ACC.SG.M

Syntax

Purpose Clause: ut haberent postea filii Israel — explains the intended lasting purpose of the altar plates.

Subject: filii Israel — subject of haberent.

Relative Clause: quibus commonerentur — explains the means by which Israel would be reminded.

Negative Purpose Clause: ne quis accedat alienigena — states what the reminder was intended to prevent.

Relative Clause: qui non est de semine Aaron — further defines the forbidden person as one not from Aaron’s offspring.

Gerundial Phrase: ad offerendum incensum Domino — expresses purpose, “to offer incense to the LORD.”

Negative Result/Purpose Clause: ne patiatur sicut passus est Core — warns against sharing Core’s punishment.

Comparative Clause: sicut passus est Core — compares the possible punishment with Core’s fate.

Coordinated Subject: et omnis congregatio eius — adds Core’s whole congregation to the remembered judgment.

Ablative Absolute: loquente Domino ad Moysen — gives the accompanying circumstance, “while the LORD was speaking to Moyses.”

Morphology

  1. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: subordinating conjunction; Function: introduces purpose clause; Translation: so that; Notes: governs the subjunctive haberent.
  2. haberent — Lemma: habeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural imperfect active subjunctive; Function: verb of purpose clause; Translation: they might have; Notes: expresses intended continuing possession.
  3. postea — Lemma: postea; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies haberent; Translation: afterward; Notes: points to future remembrance after the event.
  4. filii — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject; Translation: sons; Notes: collective designation for Israel’s people.
  5. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: genitive singular masculine indeclinable; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: Israel; Notes: Latin form retained according to the Vulgate tradition.
  6. quibus — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: ablative plural neuter relative; Function: ablative of means; Translation: by which; Notes: refers to the plates made from the censers.
  7. commonerentur — Lemma: commoneo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural imperfect passive subjunctive; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: they would be reminded; Notes: passive voice presents Israel as receiving admonition.
  8. ne — Lemma: ne; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: subordinating conjunction; Function: introduces negative purpose clause; Translation: lest; Notes: expresses prevention.
  9. quis — Lemma: quis; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine indefinite; Function: subject of accedat; Translation: anyone; Notes: indefinite pronoun broadens the prohibition.
  10. accedat — Lemma: accedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active subjunctive; Function: verb of negative purpose clause; Translation: should approach; Notes: subjunctive marks prohibited action.
  11. alienigena — Lemma: alienigena; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: appositional subject complement to quis; Translation: foreigner; Notes: denotes one outside the authorized priestly line.
  12. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: links descriptions of the unauthorized person; Translation: and; Notes: adds further qualification.
  13. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine relative; Function: subject of est; Translation: who; Notes: refers to the prohibited person.
  14. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: negation; Function: negates est; Translation: not; Notes: excludes non-Aaronic lineage.
  15. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: is; Notes: links the person with lineage identity.
  16. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses origin; Translation: from; Notes: indicates descent or lineage.
  17. semine — Lemma: semen; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of preposition; Translation: offspring; Notes: denotes genealogical descent.
  18. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: genitive singular masculine indeclinable; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: Aaron; Notes: identifies the priestly lineage.
  19. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces purpose phrase; Translation: to; Notes: marks intended action.
  20. offerendum — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: gerund; Form: accusative singular neuter gerund; Function: object of ad expressing purpose; Translation: offering; Notes: gerundial construction means “for offering.”
  21. incensum — Lemma: incensum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: direct object of gerundial idea; Translation: incense; Notes: ritual substance restricted to authorized priestly service.
  22. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH as recipient of the offering.
  23. ne — Lemma: ne; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: subordinating conjunction; Function: introduces negative result or purpose clause; Translation: lest; Notes: warns of consequence.
  24. patiatur — Lemma: patior; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present deponent subjunctive; Function: verb of warning clause; Translation: he suffer; Notes: deponent verb with active meaning.
  25. sicut — Lemma: sicut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: subordinating comparative conjunction; Function: introduces comparison; Translation: as; Notes: links possible punishment with Core’s fate.
  26. passus — Lemma: patior; Part of Speech: verb; Form: nominative singular masculine perfect participle deponent; Function: part of perfect deponent verb; Translation: suffered; Notes: agrees with Core.
  27. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: auxiliary verb; Translation: is; Notes: completes the perfect deponent construction.
  28. Core — Lemma: Core; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of passus est; Translation: Core; Notes: Latin form of the rebel’s name.
  29. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: links subjects; Translation: and; Notes: adds his congregation to the warning example.
  30. omnis — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: modifies congregatio; Translation: all; Notes: emphasizes the totality of the group.
  31. congregatio — Lemma: congregatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: coordinated subject; Translation: congregation; Notes: identifies Core’s associated assembly.
  32. eius — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: possessive modifier; Translation: his; Notes: refers to Core.
  33. loquente — Lemma: loquor; Part of Speech: verb; Form: ablative singular masculine present participle deponent; Function: participle in ablative absolute; Translation: speaking; Notes: deponent participle with active meaning.
  34. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: subject of ablative absolute; Translation: LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH as the speaker.
  35. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: indicates direction of speech; Translation: to; Notes: marks the recipient of divine speech.
  36. Moysen — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of preposition; Translation: Moyses; Notes: Latin accusative form of the name.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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