Exodus 12:1

Posted on March 3, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 12:1 Dixit quoque Dominus ad Moysen, et Aaron in Terra Ægypti:

Said also the LORD to Moyses and Aaron in the Land of Egypt:

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Dixit said 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
2 quoque also ADV
3 Dominus LORD NOM.SG.M
4 ad to PREP+ACC
5 Moysen Moses ACC.SG.M
6 et and CONJ
7 Aaron Aaron ACC.SG.M
8 in in PREP+ABL
9 Terra land ABL.SG.F
10 Ægypti of Egypt GEN.SG.F

Syntax

Main Clause: Dominus (subject) + Dixit (main verb)
quoque — adverb modifying the verb
Objects / Indirect Objects: ad Moysen (indirect object), et Aaron (coordinated indirect object)
Prepositional Phrase: in Terra Ægypti — locative phrase indicating where the speech occurred

Morphology

  1. Dixit — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third person singular; Function: main verb of the clause; Translation: “said”; Notes: introduces direct divine speech.
  2. quoque — Lemma: quoque; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: adverb modifying the verb; Translation: “also”; Notes: adds emphatic inclusion.
  3. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “LORD”; Notes: refers to YHWH, therefore rendered as “LORD.”
  4. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces indirect object; Translation: “to”; Notes: directional preposition.
  5. Moysen — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: indirect object of ad; Translation: “Moses”; Notes: Latinized form of Moshe.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: joins coordinated elements; Translation: “and”; Notes: links Moysen and Aaron as co-recipients.
  7. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: second indirect object; Translation: “Aaron”; Notes: retains Hebrew name un-Latinized in form.
  8. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces locative phrase; Translation: “in”; Notes: standard locative usage.
  9. Terra — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of in; Translation: “land”; Notes: ablative expressing location.
  10. Ægypti — Lemma: Ægyptus; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: genitive of possession/modification; Translation: “of Egypt”; Notes: specifies which land.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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