Exodus 12:51

Posted on March 3, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 12:51 Et eadem die eduxit Dominus filios Israel de terra Ægypti per turmas suas.

And on that same day the LORD led out the sons of Israel from the land of Egypt according to their companies.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Et and CONJ
2 eadem the same ADJ.ABL.SG.F
3 die day NOUN.ABL.SG.F
4 eduxit led out 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
5 Dominus the LORD NOUN.NOM.SG.M
6 filios sons NOUN.ACC.PL.M
7 Israel Israel NOUN.GEN.SG.M/INVAR
8 de from PREP+ABL
9 terra land NOUN.ABL.SG.F
10 Ægypti of Egypt NOUN.GEN.SG.F
11 per according to PREP+ACC
12 turmas companies NOUN.ACC.PL.F
13 suas their ADJ.ACC.PL.F

Syntax

Main clause: eduxit Dominus filios Israel — verb eduxit with subject Dominus and object filios Israel.
Temporal phrase: eadem die (ablative of time) modifying the main action.
Prepositional phrase: de terra Ægypti indicates the source/location from which Israel was led out.
Manner phrase: per turmas suas expresses order or arrangement (“by their companies”).

Morphology

  1. Et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: connects this narrative action to the preceding verse; Translation: “and”; Notes: simple connective particle.
  2. eadem — Lemma: idem; Part of Speech: adjective/pronoun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: modifies die; Translation: “the same”; Notes: reinforces temporal continuity.
  3. die — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: ablative of time when; Translation: “day”; Notes: time of the action.
  4. eduxit — Lemma: educo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third person singular; Function: main verb; Translation: “led out”; Notes: marks decisive redemptive action.
  5. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of eduxit; Translation: “the LORD”; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  6. filios — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: “sons”; Notes: collective designation for the Israelites.
  7. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: genitive singular (indeclinable); Function: modifies filios; Translation: “of Israel”; Notes: Hebrew name used in genitive relationship.
  8. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses source; Translation: “from”; Notes: used frequently for motion from.
  9. terra — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of de; Translation: “land”; Notes: indicates geographic source.
  10. Ægypti — Lemma: Ægyptus; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: genitive modifying terra; Translation: “of Egypt”; Notes: identifies territorial domain left behind.
  11. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: denotes means or arrangement; Translation: “according to”; Notes: here expresses military/tribal organization.
  12. turmas — Lemma: turma; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: object of per; Translation: “companies”; Notes: conveys organized groupings of Israel.
  13. suas — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: modifies turmas; Translation: “their”; Notes: reflexive to filios Israel.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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