Exodus 15:1

Posted on March 6, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 15:1 Tunc cecinit Moyses et filii Israel carmen hoc Domino, et dixerunt: Cantemus Domino: gloriose enim magnificatus est, equum et ascensorem deiecit in mare.

Then Moyses and the sons of Israel sang this song to the LORD and said: “Let us sing to the LORD, for He has been gloriously magnified; the horse and the rider He has cast into the sea.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Tunc then ADV
2 cecinit sang 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
3 Moyses Moses NOUN.NOM.SG.M
4 et and CONJ
5 filii sons NOUN.NOM.PL.M
6 Israel Israel NOUN.GEN.SG.M (INVAR.)
7 carmen song NOUN.ACC.SG.N
8 hoc this PRON.ACC.SG.N
9 Domino to the LORD NOUN.DAT.SG.M
10 et and CONJ
11 dixerunt they said 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
12 Cantemus let us sing 1PL.PRES.ACT.SUBJ (HORT.)
13 Domino to the LORD NOUN.DAT.SG.M
14 gloriose gloriously ADV
15 enim for ADV
16 magnificatus has been magnified PTCP.PERF.PASS.NOM.SG.M
17 est is / has been 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
18 equum horse NOUN.ACC.SG.M
19 et and CONJ
20 ascensorem rider NOUN.ACC.SG.M
21 deiecit cast down 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
22 in into PREP+ACC
23 mare sea NOUN.ACC.SG.N

Syntax

Opening narrative clause: Tunc cecinit Moyses et filii Israel carmen hoc Domino — perfect verb with compound nominative subject and accusative object.
Speech introduction: et dixerunt — introduces direct speech.
Hortatory clause: Cantemus Domino — subjunctive of exhortation with dative complement.
Reason clause: gloriose enim magnificatus est — perfect passive periphrastic with adverbial modifier.
Object of divine action: equum et ascensorem deiecit in mare — coordinated accusatives with perfect verb and locative phrase.

Morphology

  1. Tunc — Lemma: tunc; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: temporal marker; Translation: “then”; Notes: signals narrative progression.
  2. cecinit — Lemma: cano; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third singular; Function: main verb; Translation: “sang”; Notes: begins the Song of Moses.
  3. Moyses — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “Moses”; Notes: leader of Israel.
  4. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: links subjects; Translation: “and”; Notes: simple connector.
  5. filii — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: coordinated subject; Translation: “sons”; Notes: the Israelites.
  6. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: genitive singular masculine (invariable); Function: modifies filii; Translation: “of Israel”; Notes: ethnonym.
  7. carmen — Lemma: carmen; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: “song”; Notes: poetic composition.
  8. hoc — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: modifies carmen; Translation: “this”; Notes: demonstrative emphasis.
  9. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: “to the LORD”; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  10. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: links clauses; Translation: “and”; Notes: continuation.
  11. dixerunt — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third plural; Function: introduces speech; Translation: “they said”; Notes: narrative transition.
  12. Cantemus — Lemma: canto; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active subjunctive first plural; Function: hortatory; Translation: “let us sing”; Notes: communal invitation.
  13. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: “to the LORD”; Notes: repeated for emphasis.
  14. gloriose — Lemma: gloriosus; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: manner; Translation: “gloriously”; Notes: describes divine triumph.
  15. enim — Lemma: enim; Part of Speech: adverb/conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: causal; Translation: “for”; Notes: provides reason.
  16. magnificatus — Lemma: magnifico; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect passive participle nominative singular masculine; Function: with est forms periphrastic; Translation: “has been magnified”; Notes: divine exaltation.
  17. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative third singular; Function: auxiliary; Translation: “is / has been”; Notes: completes periphrastic.
  18. equum — Lemma: equus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of deiecit; Translation: “horse”; Notes: Egyptian cavalry.
  19. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: connects objects; Translation: “and”; Notes: coordination.
  20. ascensorem — Lemma: ascensor; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: coordinated object; Translation: “rider”; Notes: cavalryman.
  21. deiecit — Lemma: deicio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third singular; Function: main verb; Translation: “cast down”; Notes: describes defeat of Egyptians.
  22. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses motion; Translation: “into”; Notes: indicates destination.
  23. mare — Lemma: mare; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of in; Translation: “sea”; Notes: the Red Sea.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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