Exodus 16:19

Posted on March 7, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 16:19 Dixitque Moyses ad eos: Nullus relinquat ex eo in mane.

And Moyses said to them: “Let no one leave any of it until the morning.”

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Dixitque and he said 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
2 Moyses Moses NOM.SG.M
3 ad to PREP+ACC
4 eos them ACC.PL.M (PERS)
5 Nullus no one NOM.SG.M (INDEF)
6 relinquat let leave 3SG.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
7 ex from PREP+ABL
8 eo it ABL.SG.N (DEM)
9 in until / in PREP+ACC
10 mane morning ACC.SG.N (INDECL)

Syntax

Main Clause: Dixitque Moyses ad eos — subject Moyses; verb Dixitque (“and he said”); indirect object ad eos.
Command Clause: Nullus relinquat ex eo in mane — jussive subjunctive relinquat with prohibitive meaning; Nullus is the subject (“no one”).
Prepositional Phrases:
• ex eo — “from it,” referring to the manna.
• in mane — “until the morning,” expressing temporal limit.

Morphology

  1. Dixitque — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative, 3rd singular, with enclitic -que; Function: main narrative verb; Translation: “and he said”; Notes: -que joins this sentence to the previous narrative.
  2. Moyses — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “Moses”; Notes: proper name.
  3. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: indicates direction of speech; Translation: “to”; Notes: standard with verbs of speaking.
  4. eos — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun (personal); Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: “them”; Notes: refers to the Israelites.
  5. Nullus — Lemma: nullus; Part of Speech: adjective/pronoun (indefinite); Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “no one”; Notes: negative indefinite used in commands.
  6. relinquat — Lemma: relinquo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active subjunctive, 3rd singular; Function: jussive/prohibitive command; Translation: “let leave / let no one leave”; Notes: expresses divine prohibition mediated by Moses.
  7. ex — Lemma: ex; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: indicates origin; Translation: “from”; Notes: refers to manna.
  8. eo — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun (demonstrative); Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of ex; Translation: “it”; Notes: antecedent is the gathered manna.
  9. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: temporal limit; Translation: “until / in”; Notes: “in mane” = “until the morning.”
  10. mane — Lemma: mane; Part of Speech: noun/adverb (indeclinable); Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of in; Translation: “morning”; Notes: indeclinable time expression.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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