Exodus 18:19

Posted on March 9, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 18:19 Sed audi verba mea atque consilia, et erit Deus tecum. Esto tu populo in his quæ ad Deum pertinent, ut referas quæ dicuntur ad eum:

But hear my words and counsel, and God will be with you. Be you for the people in those matters that pertain to God, so that you may report to Him the things that are spoken;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Sed but CONJ
2 audi hear 2SG.PRES.ACT.IMP.MOOD
3 verba words NOUN.ACC.PL.N
4 mea my ADJ.POSS.ACC.PL.N
5 atque and also CONJ
6 consilia counsel NOUN.ACC.PL.N
7 et and CONJ
8 erit will be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
9 Deus God NOUN.NOM.SG.M
10 tecum with you PREP+PRON.ABL.SG
11 Esto be 2SG.FUT.ACT.IMP.MOOD
12 tu you PRON.PERS.NOM.SG
13 populo for the people NOUN.DAT.SG.M
14 in in PREP+ABL
15 his these things PRON.DEM.ABL.PL.N
16 quæ which PRON.REL.NOM.PL.N
17 ad to / toward PREP+ACC
18 Deum God NOUN.ACC.SG.M
19 pertinent pertain 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
20 ut so that CONJ
21 referas you may report 2SG.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
22 quæ the things which PRON.REL.NOM.PL.N
23 dicuntur are spoken 3PL.PRES.PASS.IND
24 ad to PREP+ACC
25 eum him PRON.PERS.ACC.SG

Syntax

Imperative Clause:
Sed audi verba mea atque consilia — two coordinated direct objects (verba, consilia) with an imperative.

Consequence Clause:
et erit Deus tecum — future indicative expressing assured result: “and God will be with you.”

Primary Instruction:
Esto tu populo — “Be you for the people,” i.e., act on their behalf.

Relative Clause of Specification:
in his quæ ad Deum pertinent — “in those matters that pertain to God.”

Purpose Clause:
ut referas quæ dicuntur ad eum — ut + subjunctive expressing purpose: “so that you may report the things that are spoken to Him.”

Morphology

  1. Sed — Lemma: sed; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces contrast; Translation: but; Notes: strong connective.
  2. audi — Lemma: audio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active imperative 2nd singular; Function: command; Translation: hear; Notes: direct instruction from Jethro.
  3. verba — Lemma: verbum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: direct object of audi; Translation: words; Notes: neuter plural.
  4. mea — Lemma: meus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: modifies verba; Translation: my; Notes: agrees in case, number, gender.
  5. atque — Lemma: atque; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: strengthens coordination; Translation: and also; Notes: more forceful than et.
  6. consilia — Lemma: consilium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: second object of audi; Translation: counsel; Notes: practical advice.
  7. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: joins clauses; Translation: and; Notes: simple connective.
  8. erit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative 3rd singular; Function: main verb; Translation: will be; Notes: expresses consequence.
  9. Deus — Lemma: Deus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: God; Notes: subject of erit.
  10. tecum — Lemma: te + cum; Part of Speech: preposition + pronoun; Form: ablative singular; Function: ablative of accompaniment; Translation: with you; Notes: fused form.
  11. Esto — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active imperative 2nd singular; Function: command; Translation: be; Notes: solemn, authoritative.
  12. tu — Lemma: tu; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: nominative singular; Function: subject of esto; Translation: you; Notes: emphatic.
  13. populo — Lemma: populus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: dative of advantage; Translation: for the people; Notes: denotes role as mediator.
  14. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: locative sphere; Translation: in; Notes: governs his.
  15. his — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: ablative plural neuter; Function: object of in; Translation: these things; Notes: matters of divine judgment.
  16. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: subject of pertinent; Translation: which; Notes: refers to his.
  17. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: shows relation; Translation: to; Notes: governs Deum.
  18. Deum — Lemma: Deus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: God; Notes: direction toward divine matters.
  19. pertinent — Lemma: pertineo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative 3rd plural; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: pertain; Notes: expresses relevance.
  20. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces purpose clause; Translation: so that; Notes: triggers subjunctive.
  21. referas — Lemma: refero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active subjunctive 2nd singular; Function: verb of purpose; Translation: you may report; Notes: expresses intended duty.
  22. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: subject of dicuntur; Translation: the things that; Notes: refers to matters reported.
  23. dicuntur — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present passive indicative 3rd plural; Function: main verb of relative clause; Translation: are spoken; Notes: passive reporting.
  24. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: indicates recipient; Translation: to; Notes: refers to God.
  25. eum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: accusative singular; Function: object of ad; Translation: him; Notes: refers to God.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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