Exodus 24:5

Posted on March 15, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 24:5 Misitque iuvenes de filiis Israel, et obtulerunt holocausta, immolaveruntque victimas pacificas Domino, vitulos.

And he sent young men from the sons of Israel, and they offered holocausts and sacrificed peace-victims to the LORD, calves.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Misitque and he sent 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND + CONJ
2 iuvenes young men ACC.PL.M 3RD DECL
3 de from PREP+ABL
4 filiis sons ABL.PL.M 2ND DECL
5 Israel Israel ABL.SG.M INDECL
6 et and CONJ
7 obtulerunt they offered 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
8 holocausta holocausts ACC.PL.N 2ND DECL
9 immolaveruntque and they sacrificed 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND + CONJ
10 victimas victims ACC.PL.F 1ST DECL
11 pacificas peace-offerings ACC.PL.F ADJ
12 Domino to the LORD DAT.SG.M 2ND DECL
13 vitulos calves / bullocks ACC.PL.M 2ND DECL

Syntax

Main Narrative Action:
Misitque iuvenes de filiis Israel — “And he sent young men from the sons of Israel.”
• Misit = main perfect verb.
• iuvenes = direct object.
• de filiis Israel = source/origin.

First Priest-like Action:
et obtulerunt holocausta — “and they offered holocausts.”
• obtulerunt = perfect.
• holocausta = direct object.

Second Sacrificial Action:
immolaveruntque victimas pacificas Domino — “and they sacrificed peace-victims to the LORD.”
• victimas pacificas = direct object.
• Domino = dative of advantage (to the LORD = YHWH).

Appositional Noun:
vitulos — explains what kind of peace-victims: bullocks.

Morphology

  1. Misitque — Lemma: mitto + -que; Part of Speech: verb + enclitic; Form: perfect active indicative, 3rd singular; Function: main narrative verb; Translation: and he sent; Notes: -que joins to prior context.
  2. iuvenes — Lemma: iuvenis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine, third declension; Function: direct object; Translation: young men; Notes: assistants at the altar.
  3. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: indicates source; Translation: from; Notes: expresses origin.
  4. filiis — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural masculine, second declension; Function: object of de; Translation: sons; Notes: Israelites.
  5. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine (indeclinable); Function: modifies filiis; Translation: Israel; Notes: spelling exactly as user typed.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: joins clauses; Translation: and; Notes: simple connective.
  7. obtulerunt — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative, 3rd plural; Function: main sacrificial verb; Translation: they offered; Notes: priestly action.
  8. holocausta — Lemma: holocaustum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter, second declension; Function: direct object; Translation: holocausts; Notes: whole-burnt offerings.
  9. immolaveruntque — Lemma: immolo + -que; Part of Speech: verb + enclitic; Form: perfect active indicative, 3rd plural; Function: second sacrificial verb; Translation: and they sacrificed; Notes: adds further offerings.
  10. victimas — Lemma: victima; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine, first declension; Function: direct object; Translation: victims; Notes: sacrificial animals.
  11. pacificas — Lemma: pacificus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: modifies victimas; Translation: peace-offerings; Notes: offerings of well-being.
  12. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: to the LORD; Notes: translated as “LORD” = YHWH (per your rule).
  13. vitulos — Lemma: vitulus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine, second declension; Function: appositional noun; Translation: bullocks; Notes: specifies species of peace-offerings.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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