Exodus 29:23

Posted on March 20, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 29:23 tortamque panis unius, crustulam conspersam oleo, laganum de canistro azymorum, quod positum est in conspectu Domini:

and a cake of one loaf of bread, and a wafer mixed with oil, a thin cake from the basket of unleavened bread, which has been placed before the LORD;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 tortamque and a cake ACC.SG.F NOUN 1ST DECL
2 panis of bread GEN.SG.M NOUN 3RD DECL
3 unius of one GEN.SG.M ADJ INDEF
4 crustulam a wafer ACC.SG.F NOUN 1ST DECL
5 conspersam mixed ACC.SG.F PTCP PERF.PASS
6 oleo with oil ABL.SG.N NOUN 2ND DECL
7 laganum a thin cake ACC.SG.N NOUN 2ND DECL
8 de from PREP+ABL INDECL
9 canistro basket ABL.SG.N NOUN 2ND DECL
10 azymorum of unleavened breads GEN.PL.N NOUN 2ND DECL
11 quod which NOM.SG.N PRON REL
12 positum placed NOM.SG.N PTCP PERF.PASS
13 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
14 in in PREP+ABL INDECL
15 conspectu presence ABL.SG.M NOUN 4TH DECL
16 Domini of the LORD GEN.SG.M NOUN 2ND DECL

Syntax

Main Structure: A coordinated series of objects (tortam, crustulam, laganum) is listed without an explicit finite verb, dependent on the prior command context.
Genitive Construction: panis unius modifies tortam.
Participial Phrase: conspersam oleo modifies crustulam.
Prepositional Phrase: de canistro azymorum modifies laganum.
Relative Clause: quod positum est in conspectu Domini modifies the entire basket-item phrase.

Morphology

  1. tortamque — Lemma: torta; Part of Speech: noun with enclitic; Form: accusative singular feminine, first declension; Function: object in coordinated food list; Translation: and a cake; Notes: enclitic -que ties it to the preceding sacrificial items.
  2. panis — Lemma: panis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine, third declension; Function: genitive modifying tortam; Translation: of bread; Notes: specifies the substance of the cake.
  3. unius — Lemma: unus; Part of Speech: adjective (numeral); Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: modifier of panis; Translation: of one; Notes: stresses that the cake derives from a single loaf.
  4. crustulam — Lemma: crustula; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine, first declension; Function: coordinated object; Translation: a wafer; Notes: a thin sacrificial wafer.
  5. conspersam — Lemma: conspergo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: accusative singular feminine perfect passive participle; Function: modifies crustulam; Translation: mixed; Notes: indicates preparation with oil.
  6. oleo — Lemma: oleum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter, second declension; Function: ablative of means; Translation: with oil; Notes: describes the sacrificial seasoning.
  7. laganum — Lemma: laganum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter, second declension; Function: coordinated object; Translation: a thin cake; Notes: refers to a flat unleavened cake.
  8. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces origin; Translation: from; Notes: marks the item’s source.
  9. canistro — Lemma: canistrum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter, second declension; Function: object of de; Translation: from the basket; Notes: indicates ritual storage container.
  10. azymorum — Lemma: azyma; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural neuter, second declension; Function: modifies canistro; Translation: of unleavened breads; Notes: describes the type of bread from which the items originate.
  11. quod — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: which; Notes: refers collectively to the basket-item.
  12. positum — Lemma: pono; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular neuter perfect passive participle; Function: predicate of quod; Translation: placed; Notes: describes ritual positioning.
  13. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present indicative active third person singular; Function: linking verb of clause; Translation: is; Notes: forms perfect passive construction.
  14. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces location phrase; Translation: in; Notes: used for stable location.
  15. conspectu — Lemma: conspectus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine, fourth declension; Function: object of in; Translation: presence; Notes: indicates sacred proximity.
  16. Domini — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine, second declension; Function: genitive with conspectu; Translation: of the LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH and must be translated “LORD.”

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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