Exodus 29:22

Posted on March 20, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 29:22 tolles adipem de ariete, et caudam et arvinam, quæ operit vitalia, ac reticulum iecoris, et duos renes, atque adipem, qui super eos est, armumque dextrum, eo quod sit aries consecrationis:

you shall take the fat from the ram, and the tail and the fat that covers the inner parts, and the lobe of the liver, and the two kidneys and the fat that is over them, and the right shoulder, because it is the ram of consecration;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 tolles you shall take 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND 3RD CONJ
2 adipem fat ACC.SG.M NOUN 3RD DECL
3 de from PREP+ABL INDECL
4 ariete ram ABL.SG.M NOUN 3RD DECL
5 et and CONJ INDECL
6 caudam tail ACC.SG.F NOUN 1ST DECL
7 et and CONJ INDECL
8 arvinam fat ACC.SG.F NOUN 1ST DECL
9 quae which NOM.SG.F PRON REL
10 operit covers 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND 4TH CONJ
11 vitalia inner parts ACC.PL.N NOUN 3RD DECL
12 ac and CONJ INDECL
13 reticulum lobe ACC.SG.N NOUN 2ND DECL
14 iecoris of the liver GEN.SG.N NOUN 3RD DECL
15 et and CONJ INDECL
16 duos two ACC.PL.M ADJ POS
17 renes kidneys ACC.PL.M NOUN 3RD DECL
18 atque and also CONJ INDECL
19 adipem fat ACC.SG.M NOUN 3RD DECL
20 qui which NOM.SG.M PRON REL
21 super over PREP+ACC INDECL
22 eos them ACC.PL.M PRON PERS
23 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
24 armumque and the shoulder ACC.SG.M NOUN 2ND DECL
25 dextrum right ACC.SG.M ADJ POS
26 eo because ADV INDECL
27 quod that CONJ INDECL
28 sit may be 3SG.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
29 aries ram NOM.SG.M NOUN 3RD DECL
30 consecrationis of consecration GEN.SG.F NOUN 3RD DECL

Syntax

Main Clause: tolles functions as the main verb, taking a coordinated series of direct objects.
Objects: adipem, caudam, arvinam, reticulum iecoris, duos renes, adipem, armum dextrum all serve as direct objects of tolles.
Relative Clauses: quae operit vitalia modifies arvinam, and qui super eos est modifies the second adipem.
Causal Clause: eo quod sit aries consecrationis explains the reason for selecting these parts, with aries as subject and sit as the verb.

Morphology

  1. tolles — Lemma: tollo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future indicative active second person singular; Function: main finite verb of the sentence; Translation: you shall take; Notes: expresses a commanded future action directed to the addressee.
  2. adipem — Lemma: adeps; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine, third declension; Function: direct object of tolles; Translation: fat; Notes: refers to sacrificial fat selected from the ram.
  3. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs the ablative; Function: introduces the ablative of source; Translation: from; Notes: marks origin of the fat taken for the ritual.
  4. ariete — Lemma: aries; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine, third declension; Function: object of de; Translation: from the ram; Notes: identifies the sacrificial animal whose parts are taken.
  5. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordinates elements in the object list; Translation: and; Notes: links adipem with the next item caudam.
  6. caudam — Lemma: cauda; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine, first declension; Function: direct object of tolles; Translation: the tail; Notes: part of the ram designated for ritual use.
  7. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: continues coordination within the object series; Translation: and; Notes: joins caudam to arvinam.
  8. arvinam — Lemma: arvina; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine, first declension; Function: direct object of tolles; Translation: the fat; Notes: this fat is further defined by the following relative clause.
  9. quae — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject of the relative clause; Translation: which; Notes: agrees with arvinam in gender and number.
  10. operit — Lemma: operio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present indicative active third person singular; Function: finite verb of the relative clause; Translation: covers; Notes: describes the habitual relation of this fat to the inner organs.
  11. vitalia — Lemma: vitalia; Part of Speech: noun (pluralia tantum); Form: accusative plural neuter, third declension; Function: direct object of operit; Translation: the inner parts; Notes: denotes vital organs covered by the fat.
  12. ac — Lemma: ac; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordinates with slightly emphatic nuance; Translation: and; Notes: stylistic variant of et used in solemn or elevated style.
  13. reticulum — Lemma: reticulum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter, second declension; Function: direct object of tolles; Translation: the lobe; Notes: refers to the mesh-like portion associated with the liver, a technical sacrificial term.
  14. iecoris — Lemma: iecur; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter, third declension; Function: dependent genitive with reticulum; Translation: of the liver; Notes: specifies which lobe is meant.
  15. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: continues the coordinated list; Translation: and; Notes: links preceding organ parts with the kidneys that follow.
  16. duos — Lemma: duo; Part of Speech: adjective (numeral); Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: modifies renes; Translation: two; Notes: numeral agrees with its noun in case, number, and gender.
  17. renes — Lemma: ren; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine, third declension; Function: direct object of tolles; Translation: kidneys; Notes: another standard sacrificial organ pair.
  18. atque — Lemma: atque; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: emphatically coordinates with the following item; Translation: and also; Notes: signals an additional, perhaps climactic item in the list.
  19. adipem — Lemma: adeps; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine, third declension; Function: direct object of tolles; Translation: the fat; Notes: this occurrence is specified by the subsequent relative clause qui super eos est.
  20. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of the relative clause; Translation: which; Notes: agrees with adipem and introduces its location.
  21. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative here; Function: introduces a prepositional phrase of spatial relation; Translation: over; Notes: marks the position of the fat relative to the kidneys.
  22. eos — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of super; Translation: them; Notes: refers back to renes, the two kidneys.
  23. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present indicative active third person singular; Function: copular verb of the relative clause; Translation: is; Notes: links subject pronoun clause with the prepositional phrase.
  24. armumque — Lemma: armus; Part of Speech: noun (with enclitic); Form: accusative singular masculine, second declension; Function: direct object of tolles; Translation: and the shoulder; Notes: enclitic -que joins this item tightly to the preceding series.
  25. dextrum — Lemma: dexter; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: attributive modifier of armum; Translation: right; Notes: distinguishes the right shoulder as the required sacrificial portion.
  26. eo — Lemma: eo; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: forms part of the causal expression eo quod; Translation: because; Notes: used idiomatically with quod to introduce a causal clause.
  27. quod — Lemma: quod; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces the subordinate causal clause; Translation: that; Notes: links the reason clause to the main statement.
  28. sit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present subjunctive active third person singular; Function: finite verb of the causal clause; Translation: may be / is; Notes: subjunctive appears in a subordinate causal construction after eo quod.
  29. aries — Lemma: aries; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine, third declension; Function: subject of sit; Translation: ram; Notes: identified as the specific sacrificial animal in view.
  30. consecrationis — Lemma: consecratio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine, third declension; Function: genitive of quality or definition; Translation: of consecration; Notes: characterizes the ram as the ram used for consecration rites.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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