Exodus 31:10

Posted on March 22, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 31:10 vestes sanctas in ministerio Aaron sacerdoti, et filiis eius, ut fungantur officio suo in sacris.

the holy garments for service for Aaron the priest, and for his sons, so that they may perform their office in the sacred things.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 vestes garments ACC.PL.F NOUN 3RD DECL
2 sanctas holy ACC.PL.F ADJ POS
3 in for / in PREP+ABL INDECL
4 ministerio service ABL.SG.N NOUN 2ND DECL
5 Aaron Aaron DAT.SG.M NOUN INDECL
6 sacerdoti the priest DAT.SG.M NOUN 3RD DECL
7 et and CONJ INDECL
8 filiis to the sons DAT.PL.M NOUN 2ND DECL
9 eius his GEN.SG.M PRON POSS
10 ut so that CONJ SUBJ
11 fungantur they may perform 3PL.PRES.DEP.SUBJ 3RD CONJ
12 officio their office ABL.SG.N NOUN 2ND DECL
13 suo their ABL.SG.N PRON POSS REFLEXIVE
14 in in PREP+ABL INDECL
15 sacris the sacred things ABL.PL.N ADJ SUBST

Syntax

Direct Object: vestes sanctas — the garments that must be prepared.
Prepositional Phrase: in ministerio Aaron sacerdoti — expresses purpose and beneficiary: garments for Aaron’s priestly ministry.
Dative Phrase: filiis eius — extended to Aaron’s sons.
Purpose Clause: ut fungantur officio suo in sacris — specifies the goal: that they may fulfill their priestly duty.
Ablative of Respect: officio suo, in sacris — delineates the realm of their ritual function.

Morphology

  1. vestes — Lemma: vestis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: direct object; Translation: garments; Notes: refers to holy vestments.
  2. sanctas — Lemma: sanctus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: modifies vestes; Translation: holy; Notes: ceremonial purity is emphasized.
  3. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses purpose relation; Translation: for / in; Notes: introduces ministerial sphere.
  4. ministerio — Lemma: ministerium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of in; Translation: service; Notes: denotes priestly ministry.
  5. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular; Function: indirect object; Translation: to Aaron; Notes: identifies the High Priest.
  6. sacerdoti — Lemma: sacerdos; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: apposition to Aaron; Translation: the priest; Notes: clarifies Aaron’s role.
  7. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: joins beneficiaries; Translation: and; Notes: simple connective.
  8. filiis — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative plural masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: to the sons; Notes: refers to Aaron’s sons, the priests.
  9. eius — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: genitive singular; Function: possessive; Translation: his; Notes: refers to Aaron.
  10. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: introduces purpose clause; Function: expresses intended goal; Translation: so that; Notes: marks final action.
  11. fungantur — Lemma: fungor; Part of Speech: verb (deponent); Form: present subjunctive third plural; Function: verb of purpose clause; Translation: they may perform; Notes: governs ablative officio.
  12. officio — Lemma: officium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: ablative of respect; Translation: their office; Notes: refers to priestly duty.
  13. suo — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: modifies officio; Translation: their; Notes: reflexive referring to Aaron and sons.
  14. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: locative; Translation: in; Notes: introduces sacred sphere.
  15. sacris — Lemma: sacrum; Part of Speech: adjective (substantive); Form: ablative plural neuter; Function: object of in; Translation: the sacred things; Notes: refers to holy rites.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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