Exodus 38:31

Posted on March 29, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 38:31 et bases atrii tam in circuitu quam in ingressu eius, et paxilli tabernaculi atque atrii, per gyrum.

and the bases of the court, both all around and at its entrance, and the pegs of the tabernacle and of the court, all around.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 et and CONJ
2 bases bases ACC.PL.F NOUN
3 atrii of the court GEN.SG.N NOUN
4 tam both ADV
5 in in PREP+ABL
6 circuitu around ABL.SG.M NOUN
7 quam as CONJ
8 in at PREP+ABL
9 ingressu entrance ABL.SG.M NOUN
10 eius of it GEN.SG.M PRON.PERS
11 et and CONJ
12 paxilli pegs NOM.PL.M NOUN
13 tabernaculi of the tabernacle GEN.SG.N NOUN
14 atque and also CONJ
15 atrii of the court GEN.SG.N NOUN
16 per around PREP+ACC
17 gyrum in a circle ACC.SG.M NOUN

Syntax

Coordinated objects:
bases atrii … et paxilli tabernaculi atque atrii — multiple items listed as parts of the bronze work.

Correlative construction:
tam … quam … — “both … and …”
• tam in circuitu = “both all around”
• quam in ingressu eius = “and at its entrance.”

Final adverbial phrase:
per gyrum — indicates full perimeter distribution.

Morphology

  1. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: links coordinated objects; Translation: and; Notes: standard additive link.
  2. bases — Lemma: basis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: object of the implied verb; Translation: bases; Notes: foundation supports.
  3. atrii — Lemma: atrium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: possessive; Translation: of the court; Notes: identifies location.
  4. tam — Lemma: tam; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: first half of correlative; Translation: both; Notes: anticipates quam.
  5. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: locative; Translation: in; Notes: indicates place.
  6. circuitu — Lemma: circuitus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of in; Translation: around; Notes: perimeter setting.
  7. quam — Lemma: quam; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: second correlative; Translation: as; Notes: paired with tam.
  8. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: locative; Translation: at; Notes: spatial designation.
  9. ingressu — Lemma: ingressus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of in; Translation: entrance; Notes: refers to gateway area.
  10. eius — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: genitive singular masculine/neuter; Function: possessive; Translation: of it; Notes: refers to the courtyard.
  11. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces additional objects; Translation: and; Notes: additive connection.
  12. paxilli — Lemma: paxillus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject/object in list; Translation: pegs; Notes: fastening stakes.
  13. tabernaculi — Lemma: tabernaculum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: possession; Translation: of the tabernacle; Notes: specifies which pegs.
  14. atque — Lemma: atque; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: adds emphasis; Translation: and also; Notes: stronger than et.
  15. atrii — Lemma: atrium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: possession; Translation: of the court; Notes: second set of pegs.
  16. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: distributive; Translation: around; Notes: marks circular placement.
  17. gyrum — Lemma: gyrus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: complement of per; Translation: in a circle; Notes: describes perimeter arrangement.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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