Exodus 8:3

Posted on February 27, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 8:3 Et ebulliet fluvius ranis: quæ ascendent, et ingredientur domum tuam, et cubiculum lectuli tui, et super stratum tuum, et in domos servorum tuorum, et in populum tuum, et in furnos tuos, et in reliquias ciborum tuorum:

And the river shall boil with frogs, which will come up and will enter your house, and the chamber of your bed, and upon your bed, and into the houses of your servants, and upon your people, and into your ovens, and into the remnants of your food;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Et and CONJ
2 ebulliet shall boil up 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
3 fluvius river NOM.SG.M
4 ranis with frogs ABL.PL.F
5 quæ which NOM.PL.F.REL
6 ascendent will come up 3PL.FUT.ACT.IND
7 et and CONJ
8 ingredientur will enter 3PL.FUT.DEP.IND
9 domum house ACC.SG.F
10 tuam your ACC.SG.F.POSS
11 et and CONJ
12 cubiculum chamber ACC.SG.N
13 lectuli of the little bed GEN.SG.M
14 tui of you / your GEN.SG.M.POSS
15 et and CONJ
16 super upon PREP+ACC
17 stratum bed / couch ACC.SG.N
18 tuum your ACC.SG.N.POSS
19 et and CONJ
20 in into PREP+ACC
21 domos houses ACC.PL.F
22 servorum of the servants GEN.PL.M
23 tuorum your GEN.PL.M.POSS
24 et and CONJ
25 in upon / into PREP+ACC
26 populum people ACC.SG.M
27 tuum your ACC.SG.M.POSS
28 et and CONJ
29 in into PREP+ACC
30 furnos ovens ACC.PL.M
31 tuos your ACC.PL.M.POSS
32 et and CONJ
33 in into PREP+ACC
34 reliquias remnants ACC.PL.F
35 ciborum of the food GEN.PL.M
36 tuorum your GEN.PL.M.POSS

Syntax

Main clause:
Et ebulliet fluvius ranis —
Subject: fluvius; verb: ebulliet; ablative of instrument: ranis.
“The river shall boil up with frogs.”

Relative clause describing the frogs:
quæ ascendent, et ingredientur —
Subject: quæ referring to ranis; coordinated future verbs ascendent (“will come up”) and ingredientur (“will enter”).

Series of prepositional and locative targets of invasion:
• domum tuam — into your house (accusative of place to which)
• cubiculum lectuli tui — into the chamber of your bed (genitive relation)
• super stratum tuum — upon your bed/couch (preposition + accusative)
• in domos servorum tuorum — into the houses of your servants
• in populum tuum — upon/into your people (collective direct target)
• in furnos tuos — into your ovens
• in reliquias ciborum tuorum — into the remnants of your food

The syntax stacks phrase upon phrase to emphasize the total, invasive spread of the frogs into public, domestic, and intimate spaces.

Morphology

  1. Et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: connects this prediction to the previous divine speech; Translation: and; Notes: simple coordinating link in narrative.
  2. ebulliet — Lemma: ebullio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular future active indicative; Function: main verb of the clause; Translation: shall boil up; Notes: vivid descriptive future marking the coming plague.
  3. fluvius — Lemma: fluvius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of ebulliet; Translation: river; Notes: contextually the Nile.
  4. ranis — Lemma: rana; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural feminine; Function: ablative of instrument or attendant circumstance; Translation: with frogs; Notes: indicates what fills or boils out of the river.
  5. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: subject of ascendent and ingredientur; Translation: which; Notes: agrees with implied feminine plural ranæ, referring back to ranis.
  6. ascendent — Lemma: ascendo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person plural future active indicative; Function: first predicate of the relative clause; Translation: will come up; Notes: describes the frogs emerging from the river.
  7. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordinates ascendent and ingredientur; Translation: and; Notes: joins two future actions of the frogs.
  8. ingredientur — Lemma: ingredior; Part of Speech: deponent verb; Form: 3rd person plural future indicative (deponent, passive form with active meaning); Function: second predicate in relative clause; Translation: will enter; Notes: emphasizes invasive movement into human spaces.
  9. domum — Lemma: domus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of motion after ingredientur; Translation: house; Notes: accusative of place to which without preposition, a common idiom.
  10. tuam — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: modifies domum; Translation: your; Notes: refers directly to Pharaoh.
  11. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: adds another target location; Translation: and; Notes: continues piling of destinations.
  12. cubiculum — Lemma: cubiculum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: second object of motion with ingredientur (implied); Translation: chamber; Notes: specifically a sleeping chamber.
  13. lectuli — Lemma: lectulus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: genitive dependent on cubiculum; Translation: of the little bed; Notes: indicates whose chamber it is, focusing on the bed.
  14. tui — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective/pronoun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: modifies lectuli; Translation: of you / your; Notes: makes the bed specifically Pharaoh’s.
  15. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: adds another locus; Translation: and; Notes: continues list.
  16. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative here; Function: introduces location upon which frogs will be; Translation: upon; Notes: expresses contact on top of something.
  17. stratum — Lemma: stratum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of super; Translation: bed / couch / bedding; Notes: overlapping semantic field with lectulus, heightening the intimate invasion.
  18. tuum — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: modifies stratum; Translation: your; Notes: once more emphasizes that Pharaoh himself is afflicted.
  19. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: adds another prepositional phrase; Translation: and; Notes: structural repetition for rhetorical effect.
  20. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: with accusative; Function: introduces direction into; Translation: into; Notes: governs a series of accusative objects.
  21. domos — Lemma: domus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: object of in; Translation: houses; Notes: refers now to the dwellings of Pharaoh’s servants.
  22. servorum — Lemma: servus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: genitive dependent on domos; Translation: of the servants; Notes: expands the scope from Pharaoh to his court.
  23. tuorum — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: modifies servorum; Translation: your; Notes: underlines Pharaoh’s responsibility for his people.
  24. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: continues listing; Translation: and; Notes: rhythmic repetition.
  25. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: with accusative; Function: introduces further target; Translation: into / upon; Notes: still directional.
  26. populum — Lemma: populus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine (collective); Function: object of in; Translation: people; Notes: the entire population is afflicted.
  27. tuum — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: modifies populum; Translation: your; Notes: again links plague to Pharaoh’s realm.
  28. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordinates additional phrase; Translation: and; Notes: continues escalation.
  29. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: with accusative; Function: introduces new location; Translation: into; Notes: still directional.
  30. furnos — Lemma: furnus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of in; Translation: ovens; Notes: invades places of food preparation.
  31. tuos — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: modifies furnos; Translation: your; Notes: includes Pharaoh’s own provisions.
  32. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: adds final element; Translation: and; Notes: closes the series with one more sphere.
  33. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: with accusative; Function: introduces last direction; Translation: into; Notes: governs reliquias.
  34. reliquias — Lemma: reliquiae; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: object of in; Translation: remnants; Notes: refers to leftovers or remains.
  35. ciborum — Lemma: cibus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: genitive dependent on reliquias; Translation: of the food; Notes: indicates what kind of remnants.
  36. tuorum — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: modifies ciborum; Translation: your; Notes: final possessive, stressing that even food remnants are infested.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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