Exodus 9:24

Posted on February 28, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 9:24 Et grando et ignis mista pariter ferebantur: tantæque fuit magnitudinis, quanta ante numquam apparuit in universa Terra Ægypti ex quo gens illa condita est.

And hail and fire mixed together were being carried, and it was of such greatness as never before appeared in all the Land of Egypt from the time that nation was founded.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Et and CONJ
2 grando hail N.FEM.SG.NOM
3 et and CONJ
4 ignis fire N.MASC.SG.NOM
5 mista mixed PART.FEM.SG.NOM
6 pariter together ADV
7 ferebantur were being carried V.IND.IMPFPASS.3PL
8 tantæque and of such ADJ.FEM.SG.GEN+ENCL
9 fuit was V.IND.PERF.ACT.3SG
10 magnitudinis of greatness N.FEM.SG.GEN
11 quanta as great as REL.ADJ.FEM.SG.NOM
12 ante before ADV
13 numquam never ADV
14 apparuit appeared V.IND.PERF.ACT.3SG
15 in in PREP+ABL
16 universa all ADJ.FEM.SG.ABL
17 Terra land N.FEM.SG.ABL
18 Ægypti of Egypt N.FEM.SG.GEN
19 ex from PREP+ABL
20 quo from which REL.PRON.NEUT.SG.ABL
21 gens nation N.FEM.SG.NOM
22 illa that DEM.ADJ.FEM.SG.NOM
23 condita founded PART.FEM.SG.NOM
24 est was V.IND.PRES.PASS.3SG

Syntax

Main Clause 1: Et grando et ignis mista pariter ferebantur — hail and fire (mixed) were being carried; grando and ignis form a compound subject; mista modifies grando.
Main Clause 2: tantæque fuit magnitudinis — introduces evaluation of the unprecedented scale; genitive of quality.
Comparative Relative Clause: quanta ante numquam apparuit — “as great as never before appeared”.
Locative Phrase: in universa Terra Ægypti — specifies location of historical comparison.
Temporal Clause: ex quo gens illa condita est — “from which time that nation was founded”; describes earliest historical point.

Morphology

  1. Et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: introduces the narrative continuation; Translation: “and”; Notes: simple narrative connector.
  2. grando — Lemma: grando; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject of ferebantur; Translation: “hail”; Notes: first component of the destructive mixture.
  3. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: joins grando and ignis; Translation: “and”; Notes: standard copulative.
  4. ignis — Lemma: ignis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: second subject; Translation: “fire”; Notes: paradoxically associated with hail in the plague.
  5. mista — Lemma: misceo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular feminine perfect passive participle; Function: agrees with grando; Translation: “mixed”; Notes: describes unnatural combination.
  6. pariter — Lemma: pariter; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: adverb; Function: modifies ferebantur; Translation: “together”; Notes: marks simultaneous movement.
  7. ferebantur — Lemma: fero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: imperfect passive indicative third person plural; Function: main verb of clause; Translation: “were being carried”; Notes: passive depicts the storm as being driven forcibly.
  8. tantæque — Lemma: tantus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: genitive singular feminine with enclitic -que; Function: genitive of quality modifying magnitudinis; Translation: “and of such”; Notes: links to preceding clause.
  9. fuit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect indicative active third person singular; Function: main verb; Translation: “was”; Notes: expresses completed evaluation.
  10. magnitudinis — Lemma: magnitudo; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: genitive of quality; Translation: “of greatness”; Notes: explains extent of the storm.
  11. quanta — Lemma: quantus; Part of Speech: relative adjective; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject of apparuit; Translation: “as great as”; Notes: introduces comparative clause.
  12. ante — Lemma: ante; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: adverb; Function: modifies numquam; Translation: “before”; Notes: temporal marker.
  13. numquam — Lemma: numquam; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: adverb; Function: negates temporal experience; Translation: “never”; Notes: absolute negation.
  14. apparuit — Lemma: appareo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third person singular; Function: verb of comparative clause; Translation: “appeared”; Notes: implies unique historical phenomenon.
  15. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: marks location; Translation: “in”; Notes: locative usage.
  16. universa — Lemma: universus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: modifies Terra; Translation: “all”; Notes: totality of land.
  17. Terra — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of in; Translation: “land”; Notes: geographical reference.
  18. Ægypti — Lemma: Ægyptus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: modifying Terra; Translation: “of Egypt”; Notes: specifies national territory.
  19. ex — Lemma: ex; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces temporal starting point; Translation: “from”; Notes: origin marker.
  20. quo — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: introduces temporal clause; Translation: “from which”; Notes: refers back to founding moment.
  21. gens — Lemma: gens; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject of condita est; Translation: “nation”; Notes: refers to Egypt as a people.
  22. illa — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: demonstrative adjective; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: modifies gens; Translation: “that”; Notes: emphatic pointing to Egypt.
  23. condita — Lemma: condo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular feminine perfect passive participle; Function: part of periphrastic passive; Translation: “founded”; Notes: describes origin event.
  24. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present passive indicative third person singular; Function: auxiliary for periphrastic passive; Translation: “was”; Notes: completes “was founded.”

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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