Genesis 46:22

Posted on February 15, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Gn 46:22 hi filii Rachel quos genuit Iacob: omnes animæ, quatuordecim.

These are the sons of Rachel whom Jacob begot: all the persons, fourteen.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 hi these NOM.PL.M
2 filii sons NOM.PL.M
3 Rachel of Rachel GEN.SG.F
4 quos whom ACC.PL.M
5 genuit begot 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
6 Iacob Jacob NOM.SG.M
7 omnes all ACC.PL.F
8 animæ persons NOM.PL.F
9 quatuordecim fourteen NUM.INDECL

Syntax

Main Heading: hi filii Rachel —
• hi: demonstrative subject (“these”)
• filii: head noun
• Rachel: genitive of relationship (“of Rachel”)

Relative Clause: quos genuit Iacob —
• quos: object referring to the sons
• genuit: verb
• Iacob: subject (“Jacob begot”)

Summary Statement: omnes animæ, quatuordecim —
• omnes: modifies animæ
• animæ: nominative describing the total persons
• quatuordecim: numeral indicating total count

Morphology

  1. hi — Lemma: hic; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject introducing the enumeration; Translation: “these”; Notes: identifies the upcoming list as Rachel’s sons.
  2. filii — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: predicate noun of hi; Translation: “sons”; Notes: standard genealogical formula.
  3. Rachel — Lemma: Rachel; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: genitive of relationship modifying filii; Translation: “of Rachel”; Notes: identifies the mother.
  4. quos — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: direct object of genuit; Translation: “whom”; Notes: refers to Rachel’s sons.
  5. genuit — Lemma: gigno; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb of the relative clause; Translation: “begot”; Notes: used in genealogical contexts to indicate paternal descent.
  6. Iacob — Lemma: Iacob; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of genuit; Translation: “Jacob”; Notes: patriarchal figure responsible for the lineage.
  7. omnes — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: modifies animæ in a summative expression; Translation: “all”; Notes: often used in genealogical totals.
  8. animæ — Lemma: anima; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: nominative of summation; Translation: “persons”; Notes: biblical Latin frequently uses “souls” to mean “individuals.”
  9. quatuordecim — Lemma: quatuordecim; Part of Speech: numeral; Form: indeclinable; Function: numerical total modifying animæ; Translation: “fourteen”; Notes: serves as the final tally of Rachel’s descendants.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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