Genesis 46:5

Posted on February 15, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Gn 46:5 Surrexit autem Iacob a Puteo iuramenti: tuleruntque eum filii cum parvulis et uxoribus suis in plaustris quæ miserat Pharao ad portandum senem,

But Jacob rose from the Well of the oath, and his sons took him with the little children and their wives in the wagons which Pharao had sent for carrying the old man.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Surrexit rose 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
2 autem however CONJ
3 Iacob Jacob NOM.SG.M
4 a from PREP+ABL
5 Puteo the Well ABL.SG.M
6 iuramenti of the oath GEN.SG.N
7 tuleruntque and they took 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
8 eum him ACC.SG.M
9 filii sons NOM.PL.M
10 cum with PREP+ABL
11 parvulis little children ABL.PL.M
12 et and CONJ
13 uxoribus wives ABL.PL.F
14 suis their REFL.PRON.ABL.PL.F
15 in in PREP+ABL
16 plaustris wagons ABL.PL.N
17 quæ which NOM.PL.N
18 miserat had sent 3SG.PLUPERF.ACT.IND
19 Pharao Pharaoh NOM.SG.M
20 ad for PREP+ACC
21 portandum for carrying GERUND.ACC
22 senem the old man ACC.SG.M

Syntax

Main Clause 1: Iacob (subject) + surrexit (verb) + a Puteo iuramenti (prepositional phrase: source).
Main Clause 2: filii (subject) + tuleruntque (verb) + eum (direct object) + cum parvulis et uxoribus suis (accompaniment phrase) + in plaustris (locative phrase).
Relative Clause: quæ (relative subject) + miserat (verb) + Pharao (subject of indirect action) + ad portandum senem (purpose phrase).

Morphology

  1. Surrexit — Lemma: surgo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third person singular; Function: main verb; Translation: “rose”; Notes: denotes completed action.
  2. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: —; Function: contrastive connector; Translation: “however”; Notes: postpositive particle.
  3. Iacob — Lemma: Iacob; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “Jacob”; Notes: Hebrew proper name indeclinable in Latin.
  4. a — Lemma: a/ab; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses source; Translation: “from”; Notes: used before consonants.
  5. Puteo — Lemma: puteus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of preposition; Translation: “the Well”; Notes: location of departure.
  6. iuramenti — Lemma: iuramentum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: genitive modifier; Translation: “of the oath”; Notes: specifies the type of well.
  7. tuleruntque — Lemma: tollo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third person plural; Function: main verb; Translation: “and they took”; Notes: enclitic -que attaches coordinating force.
  8. eum — Lemma: is/ea/id; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: “him”; Notes: refers to Iacob.
  9. filii — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “sons”; Notes: agents of action.
  10. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: accompaniment; Translation: “with”; Notes: joins accompanying persons.
  11. parvulis — Lemma: parvulus; Part of Speech: adjective used substantively; Form: ablative plural masculine; Function: object of preposition; Translation: “little children”; Notes: diminutive form.
  12. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: —; Function: connector; Translation: “and”; Notes: joins phrases.
  13. uxoribus — Lemma: uxor; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural feminine; Function: object of preposition; Translation: “wives”; Notes: accompaniment group.
  14. suis — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: reflexive possessive adjective; Form: ablative plural feminine; Function: modifies uxoribus; Translation: “their”; Notes: refers back to the filii.
  15. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: locative; Translation: “in”; Notes: static location.
  16. plaustris — Lemma: plaustrum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural neuter; Function: object of preposition; Translation: “wagons”; Notes: vehicles of transport.
  17. quæ — Lemma: qui, quae, quod; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: “which”; Notes: refers to plaustris.
  18. miserat — Lemma: mitto; Part of Speech: verb; Form: pluperfect active indicative third person singular; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: “had sent”; Notes: completed prior action.
  19. Pharao — Lemma: Pharao; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “Pharaoh”; Notes: sender of wagons.
  20. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: purpose; Translation: “for”; Notes: introduces gerundive purpose phrase.
  21. portandum — Lemma: porto; Part of Speech: gerund; Form: accusative singular; Function: purpose expression; Translation: “carrying”; Notes: indicates intended use of wagons.
  22. senem — Lemma: senex; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of gerund; Translation: “the old man”; Notes: refers to Iacob.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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