Genesis 8:18

Posted on January 8, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Gn 8:18 Egressus est ergo Noe, et filii eius: uxor illius, et uxores filiorum eius cum eo.

Then Noe went out, and his sons, his wife, and the wives of his sons with him.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Egressus went out VERB.PERF.PTCP.NOM.SG.M (DEP)
2 est was / has VERB.3SG.PRES.IND.ACT (AUX)
3 ergo therefore / then ADV
4 Noe Noah NOUN.NOM.SG.M (PROPER)
5 et and CONJ
6 filii sons NOUN.NOM.PL.M
7 eius his PRON.POSS.GEN.SG.M
8 uxor wife NOUN.NOM.SG.F
9 illius his PRON.POSS.GEN.SG.M
10 et and CONJ
11 uxores wives NOUN.NOM.PL.F
12 filiorum of sons NOUN.GEN.PL.M
13 eius his PRON.POSS.GEN.SG.M
14 cum with PREP+ABL
15 eo him PRON.ABL.SG.M

Syntax

The main clause Egressus est ergo Noe is a perfect deponent construction — Egressus est functioning actively (“went out”).
The adverb ergo marks logical sequence: “then” or “therefore.”
A series of coordinated nominatives (filii eius, uxor illius, uxores filiorum eius) expands the subject to include the entire family.
The phrase cum eo (“with him”) expresses accompaniment, uniting the subjects under Noe’s leadership in obedience to the divine command.

Morphology

  1. Egressus — Lemma: egredior; Part of Speech: Verb (deponent participle); Form: nominative singular masculine perfect participle; Function: predicate with est; Translation: went out; Notes: deponent with active sense, denoting completion of motion from the ark.
  2. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: 3rd person singular present indicative active (auxiliary); Function: auxiliary forming perfect tense; Translation: was / has; Notes: forms perfect with deponent participle.
  3. ergo — Lemma: ergo; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: marks logical or narrative sequence; Translation: then / therefore; Notes: transition marker.
  4. Noe — Lemma: Noe; Part of Speech: Noun (proper); Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of Egressus est; Translation: Noe; Notes: principal subject of the clause.
  5. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordinates nouns; Translation: and; Notes: simple additive conjunction.
  6. filii — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: coordinated subject; Translation: sons; Notes: plural continuation of subject group.
  7. eius — Lemma: is, ea, id; Part of Speech: Pronoun (possessive); Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: possessive modifier of filii; Translation: his; Notes: genitive of possession referring to Noe.
  8. uxor — Lemma: uxor; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: coordinated subject; Translation: wife; Notes: joined to filii by conjunction.
  9. illius — Lemma: ille, illa, illud; Part of Speech: Pronoun (demonstrative); Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: possessive modifier of uxor; Translation: his; Notes: stylistic variation from eius.
  10. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordinates further group; Translation: and; Notes: joins last clause group.
  11. uxores — Lemma: uxor; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: subject in coordination; Translation: wives; Notes: refers to wives of Noe’s sons.
  12. filiorum — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: genitive of possession; Translation: of sons; Notes: specifies whose wives.
  13. eius — Lemma: is, ea, id; Part of Speech: Pronoun (possessive); Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: modifies filiorum; Translation: his; Notes: reinforces reference back to Noe.
  14. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses accompaniment; Translation: with; Notes: introduces prepositional phrase.
  15. eo — Lemma: is, ea, id; Part of Speech: Pronoun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of cum; Translation: him; Notes: indicates shared action or company.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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