Genesis 8:19

Posted on January 8, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Gn 8:19 Sed et omnia animantia, iumenta, et reptilia quæ reptant super terram secundum genus suum, egressa sunt de arca.

But also all living creatures, cattle, and creeping things that creep upon the earth according to their kind went out of the ark.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Sed but CONJ
2 et also CONJ.ADV
3 omnia all ADJ.NOM.PL.N
4 animantia living creatures NOUN.NOM.PL.N
5 iumenta cattle NOUN.NOM.PL.N
6 et and CONJ
7 reptilia creeping things NOUN.NOM.PL.N
8 quæ which PRON.REL.NOM.PL.N
9 reptant creep VERB.3PL.PRES.IND.ACT
10 super upon PREP+ACC
11 terram earth NOUN.ACC.SG.F
12 secundum according to PREP+ACC
13 genus kind NOUN.ACC.SG.N
14 suum their own ADJ.ACC.SG.N.POSS
15 egressa went out VERB.PERF.PTCP.NOM.PL.N (DEP)
16 sunt were / have VERB.3PL.PRES.IND.ACT (AUX)
17 de from / out of PREP+ABL
18 arca ark NOUN.ABL.SG.F

Syntax

The clause opens with the connective pair Sed et, intensifying inclusion (“but also”).
The main verb egressa sunt is a perfect deponent construction (active sense: “went out”), governing the collective nominative omnia animantia, iumenta, et reptilia.
A relative clause, quæ reptant super terram secundum genus suum, further specifies reptilia by describing their movement and classification.
The prepositional phrase de arca marks origin, emphasizing deliverance from confinement.

Morphology

  1. Sed — Lemma: sed; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: adversative conjunction; Translation: but; Notes: introduces contrast or continuation.
  2. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction/Adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: adds emphasis; Translation: also; Notes: intensifies inclusion with sed.
  3. omnia — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: modifies animantia; Translation: all; Notes: collective sense.
  4. animantia — Lemma: animans; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: subject; Translation: living creatures; Notes: participial noun denoting all life.
  5. iumenta — Lemma: iumentum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: coordinate subject; Translation: cattle; Notes: beasts of burden.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: joins final coordinate noun; Translation: and; Notes: simple connective.
  7. reptilia — Lemma: reptile; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: coordinate subject; Translation: creeping things; Notes: plural collective.
  8. quæ — Lemma: qui, quæ, quod; Part of Speech: Pronoun (relative); Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: which; Notes: refers specifically to reptilia.
  9. reptant — Lemma: repto; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: 3rd person plural present indicative active; Function: predicate of relative clause; Translation: creep; Notes: habitual aspect.
  10. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses place; Translation: upon; Notes: spatial sense.
  11. terram — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of super; Translation: earth; Notes: locus of activity.
  12. secundum — Lemma: secundum; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses accordance; Translation: according to; Notes: introduces standard of classification.
  13. genus — Lemma: genus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of secundum; Translation: kind; Notes: biological or categorical term.
  14. suum — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: Adjective (possessive); Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: modifies genus; Translation: their own; Notes: reflexive possession aligning with subject.
  15. egressa — Lemma: egredior; Part of Speech: Verb (deponent participle); Form: nominative plural neuter perfect participle; Function: predicate with sunt; Translation: went out; Notes: deponent with active meaning.
  16. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: 3rd person plural present indicative active (auxiliary); Function: completes perfect tense; Translation: were / have; Notes: auxiliary with deponent participle.
  17. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: indicates source; Translation: from / out of; Notes: motion from.
  18. arca — Lemma: arca; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of de; Translation: ark; Notes: source of emergence.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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