Genesis 8:17

Posted on January 8, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Gn 8:17 Cuncta animantia, quæ sunt apud te, ex omni carne, tam in volatilibus quam in bestiis et universis reptilibus, quæ reptant super terram, educ tecum, et ingredimini super terram: crescite et multiplicamini super eam.

Bring out with you all living creatures that are with you, of every kind of flesh—both among the birds and among the beasts and all the creeping things that creep upon the earth—bring them out with you, and go upon the earth; increase and multiply upon it.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Cuncta all ADJ.NOM.PL.N
2 animantia living creatures NOUN.NOM.PL.N
3 quæ which PRON.REL.NOM.PL.N
4 sunt are VERB.3PL.PRES.IND.ACT
5 apud with / beside PREP+ACC
6 te you PRON.ACC.SG
7 ex from / out of PREP+ABL
8 omni every ADJ.ABL.SG.F
9 carne flesh NOUN.ABL.SG.F
10 tam both ADV.CORREL
11 in in / among PREP+ABL
12 volatilibus birds NOUN.ABL.PL.N
13 quam as well as CONJ.CORREL
14 in in / among PREP+ABL
15 bestiis beasts NOUN.ABL.PL.F
16 et and CONJ
17 universis all ADJ.ABL.PL.N
18 reptilibus creeping things NOUN.ABL.PL.N
19 quæ which PRON.REL.NOM.PL.N
20 reptant creep VERB.3PL.PRES.IND.ACT
21 super upon PREP+ACC
22 terram earth NOUN.ACC.SG.F
23 educ bring out VERB.2SG.PRES.IMPER.ACT
24 tecum with you PREP.CUM+PRON.ABL.SG
25 et and CONJ
26 ingredimini go forth VERB.2PL.PRES.IMPER.MID (DEP)
27 super upon PREP+ACC
28 terram earth NOUN.ACC.SG.F
29 crescite increase VERB.2PL.PRES.IMPER.ACT
30 et and CONJ
31 multiplicamini multiply VERB.2PL.PRES.IMPER.MID (DEP)
32 super upon PREP+ACC
33 eam it / her PRON.ACC.SG.F

Syntax

Cuncta animantia, quæ sunt apud te forms a head noun with a defining relative clause. The partitive-source phrase ex omni carne is expanded by the correlative pair tam … quam with two prepositional groups (in volatilibus … in bestiis) and the additional group et universis reptilibus, further defined by the relative clause quæ reptant super terram. The imperative chain is: singular educ (to Noe), plural ingredimini (to all parties), and plural crescite et multiplicamini, each qualified by super terram / super eam to mark the sphere of action.

Morphology

  1. Cuncta — Lemma: cunctus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: modifies animantia; Translation: all; Notes: totalizing, “the whole of.”
  2. animantia — Lemma: animans; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: head noun; Translation: living creatures; Notes: substantivized participial noun.
  3. quæ — Lemma: qui, quæ, quod; Part of Speech: Pronoun (relative); Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: which; Notes: agrees with animantia.
  4. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: 3rd person plural present indicative active; Function: copula; Translation: are; Notes: present state.
  5. apud — Lemma: apud; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: association / presence; Translation: with / beside; Notes: proximity within someone’s sphere.
  6. te — Lemma: tu; Part of Speech: Pronoun; Form: accusative singular; Function: object of apud; Translation: you; Notes: refers to Noe.
  7. ex — Lemma: ex; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: source / origin; Translation: from / out of; Notes: partitive nuance.
  8. omni — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: modifies carne; Translation: every; Notes: distributive force.
  9. carne — Lemma: caro; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of ex; Translation: flesh; Notes: category of living beings.
  10. tam — Lemma: tam; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: first element of correlative; Translation: both; Notes: pairs with quam.
  11. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: class/category; Translation: among; Notes: distributive use.
  12. volatilibus — Lemma: volatile; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative plural neuter; Function: object of in; Translation: birds; Notes: flying creatures as a class.
  13. quam — Lemma: quam; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: second correlative element; Translation: as well as; Notes: balances tam.
  14. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: class/category; Translation: among; Notes: parallel to prior in.
  15. bestiis — Lemma: bestia; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative plural feminine; Function: object of in; Translation: beasts; Notes: terrestrial animals.
  16. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: addition; Translation: and; Notes: links subsequent group.
  17. universis — Lemma: universus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: ablative plural neuter; Function: modifies reptilibus; Translation: all; Notes: intensifies inclusivity.
  18. reptilibus — Lemma: reptile; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative plural neuter; Function: object of in; Translation: creeping things; Notes: smallest animal forms.
  19. quæ — Lemma: qui, quæ, quod; Part of Speech: Pronoun (relative); Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: which; Notes: ties back to reptilibus by sense/class.
  20. reptant — Lemma: repto; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: 3rd person plural present indicative active; Function: predicate of relative clause; Translation: creep; Notes: habitual present.
  21. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: location; Translation: upon; Notes: spatial sphere.
  22. terram — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of super; Translation: earth; Notes: habitat of creatures.
  23. educ — Lemma: educo; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: 2nd person singular present imperative active; Function: primary command to Noe; Translation: bring out; Notes: initiates restoration.
  24. tecum — Lemma: cum + tu; Part of Speech: Prep + Pronoun; Form: ablative singular; Function: comitative phrase; Translation: with you; Notes: enclitic cum postposed to pronoun.
  25. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: links imperatives; Translation: and; Notes: coordination.
  26. ingredimini — Lemma: ingredior; Part of Speech: Verb (deponent); Form: 2nd person plural present imperative; Function: command to all parties; Translation: go forth / enter; Notes: deponent, active meaning.
  27. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: location; Translation: upon; Notes: sphere of action.
  28. terram — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of super; Translation: earth; Notes: destination for habitation.
  29. crescite — Lemma: cresco; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: 2nd person plural present imperative active; Function: command; Translation: increase; Notes: growth mandate.
  30. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: links paired commands; Translation: and; Notes: simple coordination.
  31. multiplicamini — Lemma: multiplico; Part of Speech: Verb (deponent/passive form); Form: 2nd person plural present imperative (middle/deponent sense); Function: command; Translation: multiply; Notes: Vulgate idiom for reproductive increase.
  32. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: location; Translation: upon; Notes: parallels earlier uses.
  33. eam — Lemma: is, ea, id; Part of Speech: Pronoun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of super (refers to terra); Translation: it / her; Notes: cohesive reference back to the earth.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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