Leviticus 11:1

Posted on April 11, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 11:1 Locutusque est Dominus ad Moysen et Aaron, dicens:

And the LORD spoke to Moses and Aaron, saying:

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Locutusque and spoke PTCP.PERF.DEP.NOM.SG.M+CONJ
2 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
3 Dominus the LORD NOM.SG.M
4 ad to PREP+ACC
5 Moysen Moses ACC.SG.M
6 et and CONJ
7 Aaron Aaron ACC.SG.M
8 dicens saying PTCP.PRES.ACT.NOM.SG.M

Syntax

Main Verbal Periphrasis: Locutus est Dominus — divine speech introduced through a deponent perfect
Recipients: ad Moysen et Aaron — dual addressees of revelation
Speech Introduction: dicens — prepares following direct discourse

Morphology

  1. Locutusque — Lemma: loquor; Part of Speech: deponent verb participle with enclitic conjunction; Form: perfect nominative masculine singular; Function: verbal predicate with est; Translation: and spoke; Notes: Standard Vulgate formula introducing divine speech.
  2. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: auxiliary; Translation: is; Notes: Completes the perfect deponent construction.
  3. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject; Translation: the LORD; Notes: Refers to YHWH.
  4. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: direction; Translation: to; Notes: Marks the recipients of speech.
  5. Moysen — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: object of ad; Translation: Moses; Notes: Covenant mediator.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Joins the recipients.
  7. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: object of ad; Translation: Aaron; Notes: High priest.
  8. dicens — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: verb participle; Form: present active participle nominative masculine singular; Function: circumstantial participle; Translation: saying; Notes: Introduces the content of divine speech.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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