Leviticus 11:24

Posted on April 11, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 11:24 et quicumque morticina eorum tetigerit, polluetur, et erit immundus usque ad vesperum:

and whoever touches their carcass, shall be defiled, and shall be unclean until the evening;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 et and CONJ
2 quicumque whoever REL.NOM.SG.M
3 morticina carcass ACC.PL.N
4 eorum their GEN.PL
5 tetigerit touches 3SG.PERF.ACT.SUBJ
6 polluetur will be defiled 3SG.FUT.PASS.IND
7 et and CONJ
8 erit will be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
9 immundus unclean NOM.SG.M
10 usque until PREP+ACC
11 ad to PREP+ACC
12 vesperum evening ACC.SG.M

Syntax

Coordinator: et — links this regulation to the previous rule
Relative Subject: quicumque — introduces a general legal subject
Relative Clause: morticina eorum tetigerit — condition triggering impurity
Main Predicate: polluetur et erit immundus — consequence stated in future legal force
Temporal Limit: usque ad vesperum — duration of impurity

Morphology

  1. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Connects this law with the preceding prohibition.
  2. quicumque — Lemma: quicumque; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject; Translation: whoever; Notes: Establishes a universal legal application.
  3. morticina — Lemma: morticinum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative neuter plural; Function: direct object; Translation: carcasses; Notes: Refers to dead bodies of the prohibited creatures.
  4. eorum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: genitive plural; Function: possessive modifier; Translation: their; Notes: Links the carcasses to the previously named animals.
  5. tetigerit — Lemma: tango; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active subjunctive; Function: verb of the conditional relative clause; Translation: touches; Notes: Perfect subjunctive expressing a general condition.
  6. polluetur — Lemma: polluo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future passive indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: will be defiled; Notes: Ritual contamination expressed in passive form.
  7. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Joins two legal consequences.
  8. erit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: will be; Notes: Indicates continuing legal status.
  9. immundus — Lemma: immundus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: unclean; Notes: Technical term for ritual impurity.
  10. usque — Lemma: usque; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative with ad; Function: temporal limit; Translation: until; Notes: Marks the end point of impurity.
  11. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: directional time marker; Translation: to; Notes: Completes the temporal expression.
  12. vesperum — Lemma: vesper; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: object of ad; Translation: evening; Notes: Standard terminus for ritual impurity in the law.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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