Leviticus 22:21

Posted on April 22, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 22:21 Homo qui obtulerit victimam pacificorum Domino, vel vota solvens, vel sponte offerens, tam de bobus quam de ovibus, immaculatum offeret, ut acceptabile sit: omnis macula non erit in eo.

A man who offers a peace offering to the LORD, whether fulfilling vows, or offering willingly, whether from the cattle or from the sheep, shall offer it without blemish, so that it may be acceptable; no blemish shall be in it.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Homo man NOM.SG.M
2 qui who NOM.SG.M.REL
3 obtulerit has offered 3SG.PERF.ACT.SUBJ
4 victimam victim ACC.SG.F
5 pacificorum of peace offerings GEN.PL.N
6 Domino to the LORD DAT.SG.M
7 vel or CONJ
8 vota vows ACC.PL.N
9 solvens fulfilling PRES.PTCP.ACT.NOM.SG.M
10 vel or CONJ
11 sponte willingly ADV
12 offerens offering PRES.PTCP.ACT.NOM.SG.M
13 tam both ADV
14 de from PREP+ABL
15 bobus cattle ABL.PL.M
16 quam as well as CONJ
17 de from PREP+ABL
18 ovibus sheep ABL.PL.F
19 immaculatum without blemish ACC.SG.M.ADJ
20 offeret he shall offer 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
21 ut so that CONJ
22 acceptabile acceptable NOM.SG.N.ADJ
23 sit it may be 3SG.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
24 omnis every NOM.SG.F.ADJ
25 macula blemish NOM.SG.F
26 non not ADV
27 erit will be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
28 in in PREP+ABL
29 eo it ABL.SG.M.DEM

Syntax

Legal Subject: Homo — introduces a general legal case.
Relative Qualification: qui obtulerit victimam pacificorum Domino — defines the subject by cultic action toward YHWH.
Modal Alternatives: vel vota solvens vel sponte offerens — distinguishes vowed and freewill offerings.
Correlative Range: tam de bobus quam de ovibus — specifies acceptable animal sources.
Main Requirement: immaculatum offeret — mandates the condition of the offering.
Purpose Clause: ut acceptabile sit — states the aim of acceptability.
Absolute Prohibition: omnis macula non erit in eo — categorical exclusion of defects.

Morphology

  1. Homo — Lemma: homo; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: legal subject; Translation: “man”; Notes: Generic term introducing a binding rule.
  2. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: Relative pronoun; Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: subject of the relative clause; Translation: “who”; Notes: Connects the subject to qualifying actions.
  3. obtulerit — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular perfect active subjunctive; Function: verb of conditional-relative clause; Translation: “has offered”; Notes: Legal formulation using perfect subjunctive.
  4. victimam — Lemma: victima; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative feminine singular; Function: direct object of obtulerit; Translation: “victim”; Notes: Sacrificial animal presented.
  5. pacificorum — Lemma: pacificus; Part of Speech: Adjective (substantive); Form: genitive neuter plural; Function: modifies victimam; Translation: “of peace offerings”; Notes: Refers to fellowship or well-being sacrifices.
  6. Domino — Lemma: dominus; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: dative masculine singular; Function: indirect object; Translation: “to the LORD”; Notes: Refers to YHWH as recipient.
  7. vel — Lemma: vel; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: alternative; Translation: “or”; Notes: Introduces options.
  8. vota — Lemma: votum; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: accusative neuter plural; Function: object of solvens; Translation: “vows”; Notes: Promised offerings.
  9. solvens — Lemma: solvo; Part of Speech: Verb (present participle); Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: modal qualifier; Translation: “fulfilling”; Notes: Paying what was vowed.
  10. vel — Lemma: vel; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: alternative; Translation: “or”; Notes: Continues alternatives.
  11. sponte — Lemma: sponte; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: manner; Translation: “willingly”; Notes: Voluntary initiative.
  12. offerens — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: Verb (present participle); Form: nominative masculine singular; Function: modal qualifier; Translation: “offering”; Notes: Continues participial description.
  13. tam — Lemma: tam; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: correlative with quam; Translation: “both”; Notes: Sets up paired alternatives.
  14. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: source; Translation: “from”; Notes: Indicates animal category.
  15. bobus — Lemma: bos; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative masculine plural; Function: object of de; Translation: “cattle”; Notes: Bovine source.
  16. quam — Lemma: quam; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: completes correlative pair; Translation: “as well as”; Notes: Balances alternatives.
  17. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: source; Translation: “from”; Notes: Repeated for clarity.
  18. ovibus — Lemma: ovis; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: ablative feminine plural; Function: object of de; Translation: “sheep”; Notes: Ovine source.
  19. immaculatum — Lemma: immaculatus; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: modifies the implied object of offeret; Translation: “without blemish”; Notes: Required condition for acceptability.
  20. offeret — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: main legal requirement; Translation: “he shall offer”; Notes: Normative future expressing obligation.
  21. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: Conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces purpose; Translation: “so that”; Notes: Governs the subjunctive.
  22. acceptabile — Lemma: acceptabilis; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: “acceptable”; Notes: Cultic approval before God.
  23. sit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular present active subjunctive; Function: verb of the purpose clause; Translation: “it may be”; Notes: Subjunctive required after ut.
  24. omnis — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: Adjective; Form: nominative feminine singular; Function: modifies macula; Translation: “every”; Notes: Absolute scope.
  25. macula — Lemma: macula; Part of Speech: Noun; Form: nominative feminine singular; Function: subject of erit; Translation: “blemish”; Notes: Any defect is excluded.
  26. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: Adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: negates erit; Translation: “not”; Notes: Categorical negation.
  27. erit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: Verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: states prohibition; Translation: “will be”; Notes: Legal future.
  28. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: Preposition; Form: governing the ablative; Function: location; Translation: “in”; Notes: Indicates presence within the offering.
  29. eo — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: Demonstrative pronoun; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: object of in; Translation: “it”; Notes: Refers to the sacrificial animal.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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