Leviticus 4:4

Posted on April 4, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 4:4 et adducet illum ad ostium tabernaculi testimonii coram Domino, ponetque manum super caput eius, et immolabit eum Domino.

and he shall bring it to the entrance of the tabernacle of testimony before the LORD, and he shall place his hand upon its head, and he shall slaughter it before the LORD.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 et and CONJ
2 adducet he shall bring VERB, 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
3 illum it PRON, ACC.SG.M, DEM
4 ad to PREP+ACC
5 ostium entrance NOUN, ACC.SG.N, 2ND DECL
6 tabernaculi of the tabernacle NOUN, GEN.SG.N, 2ND DECL
7 testimonii of testimony NOUN, GEN.SG.N, 2ND DECL
8 coram before PREP+ABL
9 Domino the LORD NOUN, ABL.SG.M, 2ND DECL
10 ponetque and he shall place VERB, 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
11 manum hand NOUN, ACC.SG.F, 4TH DECL
12 super upon PREP+ACC
13 caput head NOUN, ACC.SG.N, 3RD DECL
14 eius its PRON, GEN.SG.M/N, POSS
15 et and CONJ
16 immolabit he shall slaughter VERB, 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
17 eum it PRON, ACC.SG.M, DEM
18 Domino to the LORD NOUN, DAT.SG.M, 2ND DECL

Syntax

Main Clause Sequence: adducet illum … ponetque manum … et immolabit eum — a ritual progression of required priestly actions.
Prepositional Phrase: ad ostium tabernaculi testimonii — designates the sacred location of the offering.
Coram Domino: indicates that all actions are performed in the presence of the LORD.
Object Structures: illum and eum both refer to the sacrificial animal.

Morphology

  1. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: links actions; Translation: and; Notes: marks sequential ritual acts.
  2. adducet — Lemma: adduco; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: he shall bring; Notes: denotes formal presentation of the victim.
  3. illum — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: it; Notes: refers to the sacrificial animal.
  4. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces destination; Translation: to; Notes: marks spatial movement.
  5. ostium — Lemma: ostium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of ad; Translation: entrance; Notes: refers to the sanctuary threshold.
  6. tabernaculi — Lemma: tabernaculum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: genitive of specification; Translation: of the tabernacle; Notes: modifies ostium.
  7. testimonii — Lemma: testimonium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: modifies tabernaculi; Translation: of testimony; Notes: refers to the covenant tablets.
  8. coram — Lemma: coram; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses presence before someone; Translation: before; Notes: used for divine presence.
  9. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of coram; Translation: the LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  10. ponetque — Lemma: pono; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: and he shall place; Notes: -que joins tightly with previous verb.
  11. manum — Lemma: manus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: direct object; Translation: hand; Notes: gesture signifies identification with the offering.
  12. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses contact; Translation: upon; Notes: marks ritual laying-on of hands.
  13. caput — Lemma: caput; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of super; Translation: head; Notes: sacrificial symbolism.
  14. eius — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: genitive singular masculine/neuter; Function: possessive modifier; Translation: its; Notes: refers to the victim.
  15. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: joins clauses; Translation: and; Notes: signals final ritual action.
  16. immolabit — Lemma: immolo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: he shall slaughter; Notes: technical sacrificial term.
  17. eum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: it; Notes: again refers to the victim.
  18. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: indirect object; Translation: to the LORD; Notes: sacrifice dedicated to YHWH.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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