Numeri 10:3 (Numbers 10:3)

Posted on May 7, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 10:3 Cumque increpueris tubis, congregabitur ad te omnis turba ad ostium tabernaculi fœderis.

And when you shall have sounded the trumpets, all the assembly will be gathered to you at the entrance of the tabernacle of the covenant.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Cumque and when CONJ
2 increpueris you shall have sounded 2SG.FUTP.ACT.SUBJ
3 tubis with trumpets ABL.PL.F
4 congregabitur will be gathered 3SG.FUT.PASS.IND
5 ad to PREP+ACC
6 te you ACC.SG.2.PERS.PRON
7 omnis all NOM.SG.F
8 turba assembly NOM.SG.F
9 ad to PREP+ACC
10 ostium entrance ACC.SG.N
11 tabernaculi of the tabernacle GEN.SG.N
12 fœderis of the covenant GEN.SG.N

Syntax

Subordinate Clause: Cumque increpueris tubis — temporal clause indicating the condition or time (“and when you shall have sounded the trumpets”).

Main Clause: omnis turba (subject) + congregabitur (main verb, future passive).

Indirect Object: ad te — indicates direction toward the person addressed.

Phrase: ad ostium tabernaculi fœderis — prepositional phrase expressing location or destination.

Morphology

  1. Cumque — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: subordinating conjunction with enclitic -que; Function: introduces temporal clause; Translation: and when; Notes: Combines temporal meaning with connective force linking to previous instruction.
  2. increpueris — Lemma: increpo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future perfect active subjunctive second person singular; Function: verb of temporal clause; Translation: you shall have sounded; Notes: Future perfect conveys completed action prior to the main clause event.
  3. tubis — Lemma: tuba; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural feminine; Function: ablative of instrument; Translation: with trumpets; Notes: Indicates the means by which the action is performed.
  4. congregabitur — Lemma: congrego; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future passive indicative third person singular; Function: main verb; Translation: will be gathered; Notes: Passive voice emphasizes the action upon the assembly rather than the agent.
  5. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces indirect object; Translation: to; Notes: Expresses direction toward a person.
  6. te — Lemma: tu; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: accusative singular second person; Function: object of preposition ad; Translation: you; Notes: Refers to Moyses as the recipient of the assembled group.
  7. omnis — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: modifies turba; Translation: all; Notes: Emphasizes totality of the group.
  8. turba — Lemma: turba; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject of congregabitur; Translation: assembly; Notes: Refers collectively to the people.
  9. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces spatial phrase; Translation: to; Notes: Indicates direction toward a place.
  10. ostium — Lemma: ostium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of preposition ad; Translation: entrance; Notes: Refers to the doorway or entry point.
  11. tabernaculi — Lemma: tabernaculum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: dependent genitive modifying ostium; Translation: of the tabernacle; Notes: Specifies which entrance is meant.
  12. fœderis — Lemma: fœdus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter; Function: dependent genitive modifying tabernaculi; Translation: of the covenant; Notes: Indicates the covenantal significance of the tabernacle.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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