Exodus 6:13

Posted on February 25, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 6:13 Locutusque est Dominus ad Moysen et Aaron, et dedit mandatum ad filios Israel, et ad Pharaonem regem Ægypti ut educerent filios Israel de terra Ægypti.

And the LORD spoke to Moyses and Aaron, and He gave a command to the sons of Israel and to Pharao king of Egypt, that they should bring the sons of Israel out of the land of Egypt.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Locutusque and having spoken NOM.SG.M.PERF.PASS.PART + -QUE
2 est was / has 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
3 Dominus the LORD NOM.SG.M
4 ad to PREP+ACC
5 Moysen Moses ACC.SG.M
6 et and CONJ
7 Aaron Aaron ACC.SG.M
8 et and CONJ
9 dedit he gave 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
10 mandatum a command ACC.SG.N
11 ad to PREP+ACC
12 filios sons ACC.PL.M
13 Israel Israel ACC.SG.M (INDECL.)
14 et and CONJ
15 ad to PREP+ACC
16 Pharaonem Pharaoh ACC.SG.M
17 regem king ACC.SG.M
18 Ægypti of Egypt GEN.SG.F
19 ut that CONJ+SUBJ
20 educerent they might lead out 3PL.IMPF.ACT.SUBJ
21 filios sons ACC.PL.M
22 Israel Israel ACC.SG.M (INDECL.)
23 de from PREP+ABL
24 terra land ABL.SG.F
25 Ægypti of Egypt GEN.SG.F

Syntax

Main clause: Locutusque est Dominus ad Moysen et Aaron — periphrastic perfect; LORD is subject, Moses and Aaron are recipients.
Coordinated clause: et dedit mandatum… — introduces divine commission.
Double indirect objects: ad filios Israel and ad Pharaonem regem Ægypti — command addressed to both Israel and Pharaoh.
Purpose clause: ut educerent filios Israel de terra Ægypti — the purpose of the divine mandate.

Morphology

  1. Locutusque — Lemma: loquor; Part of Speech: participle (deponent); Form: nominative singular masculine perfect passive participle with enclitic -que; Function: forms periphrastic perfect with est; Translation: and having spoken; Notes: deponent with active meaning.
  2. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: auxiliary; Translation: has / was; Notes: completes periphrastic perfect.
  3. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: the LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH, therefore “LORD.”
  4. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: indicates recipients; Translation: to; Notes: typical in speech formulas.
  5. Moysen — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: Moses; Notes: first designated recipient.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: joins Moses and Aaron; Translation: and; Notes: simple coordination.
  7. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: second recipient of divine speech; Translation: Aaron; Notes: paired leadership.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: links divine speech to divine command; Translation: and; Notes: transitional.
  9. dedit — Lemma: do; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb of second clause; Translation: he gave; Notes: strong commissioning verb.
  10. mandatum — Lemma: mandatum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: direct object of dedit; Translation: command; Notes: formal directive from YHWH.
  11. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: marks addressees; Translation: to; Notes: repeated for emphasis.
  12. filios — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: first addressee group; Translation: sons; Notes: refers to Israel.
  13. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative singular masculine (indeclinable); Function: modifies filios; Translation: Israel; Notes: ethnic designation.
  14. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: links two addressees; Translation: and; Notes: coordinates Israel and Pharaoh.
  15. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces second addressee; Translation: to; Notes: parallels earlier ad.
  16. Pharaonem — Lemma: Pharao; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: addressee of command; Translation: Pharaoh; Notes: foreign king.
  17. regem — Lemma: rex; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: apposition to Pharaonem; Translation: king; Notes: titular identification.
  18. Ægypti — Lemma: Ægyptus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: modifies regem; Translation: of Egypt; Notes: specifies geopolitical domain.
  19. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: introduces subjunctive clause; Function: expresses purpose; Translation: that; Notes: governs educerent.
  20. educerent — Lemma: educo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural imperfect active subjunctive; Function: verb of purpose clause; Translation: they might lead out; Notes: imperfect highlights process.
  21. filios — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: direct object of educerent; Translation: sons; Notes: refers to Israel.
  22. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative singular masculine (indeclinable); Function: modifies filios; Translation: Israel; Notes: ethnic identifier.
  23. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: marks source; Translation: from; Notes: expresses removal.
  24. terra — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of de; Translation: land; Notes: Egypt as place of bondage.
  25. Ægypti — Lemma: Ægyptus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: modifies terra; Translation: of Egypt; Notes: completes the phrase.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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