Exodus 9:29

Posted on February 28, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 9:29 Ait Moyses: Cum egressus fuero de urbe, extendam palmas meas ad Dominum, et cessabunt tonitrua, et grando non erit: ut scias quia Domini est terra:

Moyses said: “When I will have gone out of the city, I will extend my palms to the LORD, and the thunders will cease, and the hail will not be, so that you may know that the land is the LORD’s;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Ait said 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
2 Moyses Moses NOM.SG.M
3 Cum when SUBORD.CONJ
4 egressus having gone out NOM.SG.M.PERF.ACT.PTCP
5 fuero I will have been 1SG.FUTPERF.ACT.IND
6 de from PREP+ABL
7 urbe city ABL.SG.F
8 extendam I will extend 1SG.FUT.ACT.IND
9 palmas palms ACC.PL.F
10 meas my ACC.PL.F
11 ad to PREP+ACC
12 Dominum LORD ACC.SG.M
13 et and CONJ
14 cessabunt will cease 3PL.FUT.ACT.IND
15 tonitrua thunders NOM.PL.N
16 et and CONJ
17 grando hail NOM.SG.F
18 non not ADV
19 erit will be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
20 ut so that SUBORD.CONJ
21 scias you may know 2SG.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
22 quia because/that CONJ
23 Domini of the LORD GEN.SG.M
24 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
25 terra land NOM.SG.F

Syntax

Main Clause:
Subject: Moyses
Verb: Ait — primary verb of speaking.

Subordinate Temporal Clause (introduced by Cum):
egressus fuero — future perfect construction “when I will have gone out”;
de urbe — ablative of place from which.

Main Future Action:
extendam — “I will extend”;
palmas meas — direct object;
ad Dominum — direction toward the LORD.

Coordinated Action:
cessabunt tonitrua — “the thunders will cease.”

Second Coordinated Clause:
grando non erit — “the hail will not be.”

Final Clause (purpose):
ut scias — “so that you may know”;
quia Domini est terra — content clause, “that the land is the LORD’s.”

Morphology

  1. Ait — Lemma: aio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: “said”; Notes: historical perfect frequently used for direct speech.
  2. Moyses — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of ait; Translation: “Moses”; Notes: proper name unchanged through declension.
  3. Cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: subordinating conjunction; Form: conjunction; Function: introduces temporal clause; Translation: “when”; Notes: pairs with future perfect verb.
  4. egressus — Lemma: egredior; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular masculine perfect active participle; Function: part of future perfect periphrasis; Translation: “having gone out”; Notes: agrees with first person understood subject.
  5. fuero — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 1st person singular future perfect active indicative; Function: completes periphrastic tense; Translation: “I will have been”; Notes: indicates action completed before future time.
  6. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: indicates motion from; Translation: “from”; Notes: standard preposition of separation.
  7. urbe — Lemma: urbs; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of de; Translation: “city”; Notes: location of departure.
  8. extendam — Lemma: extendo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 1st person singular future active indicative; Function: main future action; Translation: “I will extend”; Notes: anticipates gesture of prayer.
  9. palmas — Lemma: palma; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: direct object of extendam; Translation: “palms”; Notes: gesture indicates supplication.
  10. meas — Lemma: meus; Part of Speech: adjective/pronoun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: modifies palmas; Translation: “my”; Notes: matches gender, number, case.
  11. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: direction toward; Translation: “to”; Notes: expresses motion toward the LORD.
  12. Dominum — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: “LORD”; Notes: context shows reference to YHWH.
  13. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: links clauses; Translation: “and”; Notes: simple coordination.
  14. cessabunt — Lemma: cessō; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person plural future active indicative; Function: main verb of coordinated clause; Translation: “they will cease”; Notes: plural matches tonitrua.
  15. tonitrua — Lemma: tonitruum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural neuter; Function: subject of cessabunt; Translation: “thunders”; Notes: neuter plural subject.
  16. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: connects second clause; Translation: “and”; Notes: adds another future result.
  17. grando — Lemma: grando; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject of erit; Translation: “hail”; Notes: singular as collective.
  18. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: adverb of negation; Function: negates erit; Translation: “not”; Notes: standard negation.
  19. erit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular future active indicative; Function: verb of existence; Translation: “will be”; Notes: future-state description.
  20. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: purpose conjunction; Function: introduces final clause; Translation: “so that”; Notes: governs subjunctive verb.
  21. scias — Lemma: scio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 2nd person singular present active subjunctive; Function: verb of purpose clause; Translation: “you may know”; Notes: subjunctive required after ut of purpose.
  22. quia — Lemma: quia; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: subordinating conjunction; Function: introduces content clause; Translation: “that”; Notes: clarifies the knowledge content.
  23. Domini — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: possessive genitive; Translation: “of the LORD”; Notes: denotes ownership of the land.
  24. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular present active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: “is”; Notes: links subject and predicate.
  25. terra — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject of est; Translation: “land”; Notes: predicate of divine ownership.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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