Exodus 14:25

Posted on March 5, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 14:25 et subvertit rotas curruum, ferebanturque in profundum. Dixerunt ergo Ægyptii: Fugiamus Israelem: Dominus enim pugnat pro eis contra nos.

and he overthrew the wheels of the chariots and they were carried into the deep and the Egyptians said let us flee Israel for the LORD fights for them against us.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 et and CONJ
2 subvertit he overthrew 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
3 rotas wheels NOUN.ACC.PL.F
4 curruum of the chariots NOUN.GEN.PL.M
5 ferebanturque and they were carried 3PL.IMP.PASS.IND + ENCLITIC
6 in into PREP+ACC
7 profundum the deep NOUN.ACC.SG.N
8 Dixerunt they said 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
9 ergo therefore ADV
10 Ægyptii the Egyptians NOUN.NOM.PL.M
11 Fugiamus let us flee 1PL.PRES.ACT.SUBJ
12 Israelem Israel NOUN.ACC.SG.M
13 Dominus the LORD NOUN.NOM.SG.M
14 enim for ADV
15 pugnat fights 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
16 pro for PREP+ABL
17 eis them PRON.ABL.PL
18 contra against PREP+ACC
19 nos us PRON.ACC.PL

Syntax

Main action: et subvertit rotas curruum — perfect verb with direct object and dependent genitive.
Secondary action: ferebanturque in profundum — imperfect passive describing motion into the depths.
Reported speech: Dixerunt ergo Ægyptii — perfect verb with nominative subject.
Quotation content: Fugiamus Israelem — hortatory subjunctive with direct object.
Theological reason: Dominus enim pugnat pro eis — present indicative stating divine intervention.
Adversative alignment: contra nos — expresses opposition.

Morphology

  1. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: links clauses; Translation: “and”; Notes: simple connective.
  2. subvertit — Lemma: subverto; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third singular; Function: main verb; Translation: “he overthrew”; Notes: decisive action.
  3. rotas — Lemma: rota; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: direct object; Translation: “wheels”; Notes: part of the chariots.
  4. curruum — Lemma: currus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: “of the chariots”; Notes: indicates possession.
  5. ferebanturque — Lemma: feror + -que; Part of Speech: verb (passive) with enclitic; Form: imperfect passive indicative third plural; Function: describes movement; Translation: “and they were carried”; Notes: -que links this action to the previous.
  6. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: direction into; Translation: “into”; Notes: indicates motion.
  7. profundum — Lemma: profundum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of in; Translation: “the deep”; Notes: sea depths.
  8. Dixerunt — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third plural; Function: introduces speech; Translation: “they said”; Notes: main speech verb.
  9. ergo — Lemma: ergo; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: logical connector; Translation: “therefore”; Notes: signals conclusion.
  10. Ægyptii — Lemma: Ægyptius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “the Egyptians”; Notes: national designation.
  11. Fugiamus — Lemma: fugio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active subjunctive first plural; Function: hortatory; Translation: “let us flee”; Notes: expresses urgent resolve.
  12. Israelem — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: “Israel”; Notes: the nation.
  13. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “the LORD”; Notes: refers to YHWH so rendered “LORD.”
  14. enim — Lemma: enim; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: explanatory; Translation: “for”; Notes: gives reason.
  15. pugnat — Lemma: pugno; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative third singular; Function: main verb; Translation: “fights”; Notes: divine action.
  16. pro — Lemma: pro; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses support; Translation: “for”; Notes: in favor of.
  17. eis — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: ablative plural; Function: object of pro; Translation: “them”; Notes: the Israelites.
  18. contra — Lemma: contra; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses opposition; Translation: “against”; Notes: adversative.
  19. nos — Lemma: nos; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative plural; Function: object of contra; Translation: “us”; Notes: the Egyptians speaking.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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