Exodus 14:26

Posted on March 5, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 14:26 Et ait Dominus ad Moysen: Extende manum tuam super mare, ut revertantur aquæ ad Ægyptios super currus et equites eorum.

And the LORD said to Moyses: “Extend your hand over the sea that the waters may return upon the Egyptians upon their chariots and their horsemen.”

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Et and CONJ
2 ait said 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
3 Dominus the LORD NOUN.NOM.SG.M
4 ad to PREP+ACC
5 Moysen Moses NOUN.ACC.SG.M
6 Extende extend 2SG.PRES.ACT.IMP
7 manum hand NOUN.ACC.SG.F
8 tuam your ADJ.ACC.SG.F
9 super over PREP+ACC
10 mare sea NOUN.ACC.SG.N
11 ut that CONJ
12 revertantur may return 3PL.PRES.SUBJ.PASS
13 aquæ waters NOUN.NOM.PL.F
14 ad to/upon PREP+ACC
15 Ægyptios the Egyptians NOUN.ACC.PL.M
16 super upon PREP+ACC
17 currus chariots NOUN.ACC.PL.M
18 et and CONJ
19 equites horsemen NOUN.ACC.PL.M
20 eorum of them PRON.GEN.PL

Syntax

Speech frame: Et ait Dominus ad Moysen — perfect verb with dative addressee.
Command clause: Extende manum tuam super mare — imperative with direct object and prepositional phrase.
Purpose clause: ut revertantur aquæ — ut + subjunctive expressing intended result.
Direction: ad Ægyptios — accusative after ad indicates motion toward.
Additional targets: super currus et equites eorum — coordinated objects governed by super.

Morphology

  1. Et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: connects clauses; Translation: “and”; Notes: narrative continuation.
  2. ait — Lemma: aio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third singular; Function: main verb of speech; Translation: “said”; Notes: introduces divine command.
  3. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: “the LORD”; Notes: refers to YHWH, therefore rendered “LORD.”
  4. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: indicates direction toward; Translation: “to”; Notes: introduces addressee.
  5. Moysen — Lemma: Moyses; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: “Moses”; Notes: name preserved.
  6. Extende — Lemma: extendo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active imperative second singular; Function: command; Translation: “extend”; Notes: divine instruction.
  7. manum — Lemma: manus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: direct object; Translation: “hand”; Notes: gesture of power.
  8. tuam — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: modifies manum; Translation: “your”; Notes: possessive.
  9. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: spatial relation; Translation: “over”; Notes: marks target area.
  10. mare — Lemma: mare; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of super; Translation: “sea”; Notes: the Red Sea.
  11. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces purpose clause; Translation: “that”; Notes: expresses intended result.
  12. revertantur — Lemma: revertor; Part of Speech: verb (deponent); Form: present subjunctive passive third plural; Function: verb of purpose clause; Translation: “may return”; Notes: deponent form with passive ending.
  13. aquæ — Lemma: aqua; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: subject of revertantur; Translation: “waters”; Notes: plural form for masses of water.
  14. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: indicates direction toward; Translation: “to”; Notes: motion toward Egyptians.
  15. Ægyptios — Lemma: Ægyptius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: “the Egyptians”; Notes: targets of returning waters.
  16. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: indicates falling upon; Translation: “upon”; Notes: emphasizes impact.
  17. currus — Lemma: currus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of super; Translation: “chariots”; Notes: Egyptian war vehicles.
  18. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: connects objects; Translation: “and”; Notes: simple connector.
  19. equites — Lemma: eques; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: coordinated object; Translation: “horsemen”; Notes: cavalry troops.
  20. eorum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: genitive plural; Function: possessive; Translation: “of them”; Notes: refers to the Egyptians.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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