Exodus 18:7

Posted on March 9, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 18:7 Qui egressus in occursum cognati sui, adoravit, et osculatus est eum: salutaveruntque se mutuo verbis pacificis. Cumque intrasset tabernaculum,

Who, having gone out to meet his kinsman, adored and kissed him; and they greeted one another with peaceful words. And when he had entered the tent,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Qui who PRON.REL.NOM.SG.M
2 egressus having gone out PTCP.PERF.ACT.NOM.SG.M
3 in into PREP+ACC
4 occursum meeting NOUN.ACC.SG.M
5 cognati of his kinsman NOUN.GEN.SG.M
6 sui his PRON.REFL.GEN.SG.M
7 adoravit he adored 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
8 et and CONJ
9 osculatus having kissed PTCP.PERF.DEP.NOM.SG.M
10 est was / has 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
11 eum him PRON.PERS.ACC.SG.M
12 salutaveruntque and they greeted 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
13 se each other PRON.REFL.ACC.PL
14 mutuo mutually ADV
15 verbis with words NOUN.ABL.PL.N
16 pacificis peaceful ADJ.ABL.PL.N
17 Cumque and when CONJ
18 intrasset had entered 3SG.PLUP.ACT.SUBJ
19 tabernaculum the tent NOUN.ACC.SG.N

Syntax

Relative Clause:
Qui egressus in occursum cognati sui — perfect participle expressing prior action (“having gone out to meet his kinsman”).

Compound Predicate:
adoravit et osculatus est eum — two perfect actions, the second using a deponent participle with est.

Reciprocal Action:
salutaveruntque se mutuo verbis pacificis — “they greeted each other mutually with peaceful words.”

Temporal Clause:
Cumque intrasset tabernaculum — pluperfect subjunctive marking an action prior to the next narrative step.

Morphology

  1. Qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of the relative clause; Translation: who; Notes: refers to Moses.
  2. egressus — Lemma: egredior; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect active participle nominative singular masculine; Function: describes prior action; Translation: having gone out; Notes: deponent verb with active meaning.
  3. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses direction; Translation: into; Notes: motion toward.
  4. occursum — Lemma: occursus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of in; Translation: meeting; Notes: idiomatic phrase in occursum.
  5. cognati — Lemma: cognatus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: modifies occursum; Translation: of his kinsman; Notes: expresses relation.
  6. sui — Lemma: sui; Part of Speech: reflexive pronoun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: modifies cognati; Translation: his; Notes: reflexive to the subject of the clause.
  7. adoravit — Lemma: adoro; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative 3rd singular; Function: main verb; Translation: he adored; Notes: gesture of respect.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: links verbs; Translation: and; Notes: simple coordinator.
  9. osculatus — Lemma: osculor; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect deponent participle nominative singular masculine; Function: part of periphrastic verb with est; Translation: having kissed; Notes: deponent participle.
  10. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative 3rd singular; Function: auxiliary with deponent participle; Translation: (has); Notes: forms perfect of deponent.
  11. eum — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of osculatus est; Translation: him; Notes: refers to Jethro.
  12. salutaveruntque — Lemma: saluto + que; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative 3rd plural; Function: plural action (“they greeted”); Translation: and they greeted; Notes: enclitic -que.
  13. se — Lemma: sui; Part of Speech: reflexive pronoun; Form: accusative plural; Function: reciprocal object; Translation: each other; Notes: plural reflexive.
  14. mutuo — Lemma: mutuo; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: modifies salutaverunt; Translation: mutually; Notes: reciprocal meaning.
  15. verbis — Lemma: verbum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural neuter; Function: ablative of means; Translation: with words; Notes: instrument.
  16. pacificis — Lemma: pacificus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative plural neuter; Function: modifies verbis; Translation: peaceful; Notes: describes manner of greeting.
  17. Cumque — Lemma: cum + que; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces temporal clause; Translation: and when; Notes: enclitic -que added.
  18. intrasset — Lemma: intrō; Part of Speech: verb; Form: pluperfect active subjunctive 3rd singular; Function: verb of temporal clause; Translation: had entered; Notes: subjunctive required after cum.
  19. tabernaculum — Lemma: tabernaculum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of intrasset; Translation: the tent; Notes: Moses’ dwelling.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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