Exodus 18:10

Posted on March 9, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 18:10 et ait: Benedictus Dominus, qui liberavit vos de manu Ægyptiorum, et de manu Pharaonis, qui eruit populum suum de manu Ægypti.

and he said: Blessed be the LORD, who has delivered you from the hand of the Egyptians and from the hand of Pharaoh, who has brought out His people from the hand of Egypt.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 et and CONJ
2 ait said 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
3 Benedictus blessed ADJ.NOM.SG.M
4 Dominus LORD NOUN.NOM.SG.M
5 qui who PRON.REL.NOM.SG.M
6 liberavit has delivered 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
7 vos you PRON.PERS.ACC.PL
8 de from PREP+ABL
9 manu hand NOUN.ABL.SG.F
10 Ægyptiorum of the Egyptians NOUN.GEN.PL.M
11 et and CONJ
12 de from PREP+ABL
13 manu hand NOUN.ABL.SG.F
14 Pharaonis of Pharaoh NOUN.GEN.SG.M
15 qui who PRON.REL.NOM.SG.M
16 eruit brought out 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
17 populum people NOUN.ACC.SG.M
18 suum his PRON.POSS.ACC.SG.M
19 de from PREP+ABL
20 manu hand NOUN.ABL.SG.F
21 Ægypti of Egypt NOUN.GEN.SG.F

Syntax

Introductory Clause:
et ait — narrative perfect introducing direct speech.

Main Statement:
Benedictus Dominus — predicate adjective “blessed” + subject “the LORD”.

Relative Clause 1:
qui liberavit vos de manu Ægyptiorum — describes the LORD as deliverer; perfect verb.

Coordinated Phrase:
et de manu Pharaonis — second liberation from Pharaoh’s power.

Relative Clause 2:
qui eruit populum suum de manu Ægypti — describes the LORD extracting His people from Egyptian control.

Morphology

  1. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: connects clauses; Translation: and; Notes: coordinating.
  2. ait — Lemma: aio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative 3rd singular; Function: main narrative verb; Translation: said; Notes: common speech-introducing verb.
  3. Benedictus — Lemma: benedictus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: blessed; Notes: often liturgical formula.
  4. Dominus — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: LORD; Notes: refers to YHWH.
  5. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: introduces relative clause; Translation: who; Notes: refers to Dominus.
  6. liberavit — Lemma: libero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative 3rd singular; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: has delivered; Notes: indicates completed action.
  7. vos — Lemma: vos; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: accusative plural; Function: direct object; Translation: you; Notes: refers to Israel.
  8. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses separation; Translation: from; Notes: standard liberation preposition.
  9. manu — Lemma: manus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of de; Translation: hand; Notes: symbolizes power.
  10. Ægyptiorum — Lemma: Ægyptius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: modifies manu; Translation: of the Egyptians; Notes: identifies oppressors.
  11. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordinates phrase; Translation: and; Notes: adds another liberation.
  12. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses separation; Translation: from; Notes: repeated for emphasis.
  13. manu — Lemma: manus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of de; Translation: hand; Notes: same construction as before.
  14. Pharaonis — Lemma: Pharao; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: modifies manu; Translation: of Pharaoh; Notes: personal ruler.
  15. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: introduces second relative clause; Translation: who; Notes: also refers to Dominus.
  16. eruit — Lemma: eruo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative 3rd singular; Function: verb of clause; Translation: brought out; Notes: indicates extraction or rescue.
  17. populum — Lemma: populus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: people; Notes: refers to Israel.
  18. suum — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: modifies populum; Translation: his; Notes: reflexive to Dominus.
  19. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses separation; Translation: from; Notes: repeated formula.
  20. manu — Lemma: manus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: object of de; Translation: hand; Notes: same liberation metaphor.
  21. Ægypti — Lemma: Ægyptus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: modifies manu; Translation: of Egypt; Notes: geographical power.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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