Exodus 29:14

Posted on March 20, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 29:14 carnes vero vituli et corium et fimum combures foris extra castra, eo quod pro peccato sit.

but the flesh of the young bull, and the hide, and the dung you shall burn outside the camp, because it is for sin.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 carnes flesh NOUN ACC.PL.F 3RD DECL
2 vero but / indeed ADV INDECL
3 vituli of the young bull NOUN GEN.SG.M 2ND DECL
4 et and CONJ INDECL
5 corium hide NOUN ACC.SG.N 2ND DECL
6 et and CONJ INDECL
7 fimum dung NOUN ACC.SG.N 2ND DECL
8 combures you shall burn VERB 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND 3RD CONJ
9 foris outside ADV INDECL
10 extra beyond / outside PREP+ACC INDECL
11 castra camp NOUN ACC.PL.N 2ND DECL
12 eo for this reason PRON DEM ABL.SG.N
13 quod because CONJ INDECL
14 pro for PREP+ABL INDECL
15 peccato sin NOUN ABL.SG.N 2ND DECL
16 sit it is VERB 3SG.PRES.SUBJ.ACT IRREG

Syntax

Direct Object Series:
carnes vero vituli et corium et fimum — three coordinated objects of combures, with vituli modifying carnes.

Main Verb Phrase:
combures foris extra castra — combures is the future command; foris an adverb; extra castra prepositional phrase.

Causal Clause:
eo quod pro peccato sit explains the location: “because it is for sin.”

Morphology

  1. carnes — Lemma: caro; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine, 3rd declension; Function: direct object of combures; Translation: flesh; Notes: burned because this is a sin offering.
  2. vero — Lemma: vero; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: contrastive marker; Translation: but / indeed; Notes: shifts from fat portions to flesh portions.
  3. vituli — Lemma: vitulus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine, 2nd declension; Function: modifies carnes; Translation: of the young bull; Notes: identifies species for the sin offering.
  4. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordinates corium with carnes; Translation: and; Notes: connects the list of items to be burned.
  5. corium — Lemma: corium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter, 2nd declension; Function: direct object; Translation: hide; Notes: normally kept but destroyed in sin offerings.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordinates fimum with previous objects; Translation: and; Notes: continues listing items for destruction.
  7. fimum — Lemma: fimus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter, 2nd declension; Function: direct object; Translation: dung; Notes: part of complete disposal of the offering.
  8. combures — Lemma: comburo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative second person singular, 3rd conjugation; Function: main verb; Translation: you shall burn; Notes: describes ritual destruction outside camp.
  9. foris — Lemma: foris; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: adverb of place; Translation: outside; Notes: marks location of burning.
  10. extra — Lemma: extra; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: spatial relation; Translation: beyond / outside; Notes: specifies outside camp boundary.
  11. castra — Lemma: castra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter (plurale tantum), 2nd declension; Function: object of extra; Translation: camp; Notes: denotes Israel’s encampment.
  12. eo — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: forms causal phrase “eo quod”; Translation: for this reason; Notes: introduces causal explanation.
  13. quod — Lemma: quod; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces causal clause; Translation: because; Notes: links reason to command.
  14. pro — Lemma: pro; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: designative phrase; Translation: for / as; Notes: sacrificial designation (“as a sin offering”).
  15. peccato — Lemma: peccatum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter, 2nd declension; Function: complement of pro; Translation: sin; Notes: identifies nature of offering.
  16. sit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present subjunctive active third person singular, irregular; Function: verb of causal clause; Translation: it is; Notes: subjunctive indicates designation (“it is meant for sin”).

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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