Exodus 29:13

Posted on March 20, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 29:13 Sumes et adipem totum qui operit intestina, et reticulum iecoris, ac duos renes, et adipem qui super eos est, et offeres incensum super altare:

You shall take also all the fat that covers the intestines, and the lobe of the liver, and the two kidneys, and the fat that is over them, and you shall offer it as incense upon the altar;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Sumes you shall take VERB 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND 3RD CONJ
2 et and CONJ INDECL
3 adipem fat NOUN ACC.SG.M 3RD DECL
4 totum all ADJ ACC.SG.M POS
5 qui which PRON REL NOM.SG.M
6 operit covers VERB 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND 4TH CONJ
7 intestina intestines NOUN ACC.PL.N 2ND DECL
8 et and CONJ INDECL
9 reticulum lobe / caul NOUN ACC.SG.N 2ND DECL
10 iecoris of the liver NOUN GEN.SG.N 3RD DECL
11 ac and also CONJ INDECL
12 duos two ADJ ACC.PL.M POS
13 renes kidneys NOUN ACC.PL.M 3RD DECL
14 et and CONJ INDECL
15 adipem fat NOUN ACC.SG.M 3RD DECL
16 qui which PRON REL NOM.SG.M
17 super over / upon PREP+ACC INDECL
18 eos them PRON PERS ACC.PL.M
19 est is VERB 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND IRREG
20 et and CONJ INDECL
21 offeres you shall offer VERB 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND 3RD CONJ
22 incensum incense / burnt portion NOUN ACC.SG.N 2ND DECL
23 super upon PREP+ACC INDECL
24 altare altar NOUN ACC.SG.N 3RD DECL

Syntax

Main Command (Selection of Parts):
Sumes et adipem totum — verb Sumes governs direct object adipem totum (“all the fat”).

Relative Clause 1:
qui operit intestina — qui refers back to adipem; operit takes direct object intestina, describing the fat’s position “which covers the intestines.”

Coordinated Direct Objects:
et reticulum iecoris ac duos renes — reticulum iecoris (“the lobe of the liver”) and duos renes (“the two kidneys”) are additional direct objects of Sumes.

Relative Clause 2:
et adipem qui super eos est — adipem is direct object of Sumes; qui super eos est describes this fat as “which is over them” (the kidneys).

Final Sacrificial Command:
et offeres incensum super altare — verb offeres governs incensum (“a burnt offering / incense”); super altare indicates location “upon the altar.”

Morphology

  1. Sumes — Lemma: sumo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative second person singular, 3rd conjugation; Function: main verb of command; Translation: you shall take; Notes: introduces the selection of sacrificial portions from the animal.
  2. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordinates additional sacrificial items with adipem; Translation: and; Notes: standard connective, frequently chaining ritual steps.
  3. adipem — Lemma: adeps; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine, 3rd declension; Function: direct object of Sumes; Translation: fat; Notes: refers specifically to sacrificial fat reserved for burning.
  4. totum — Lemma: totus; Part of Speech: adjective (pronominal); Form: accusative singular masculine, positive degree; Function: agrees with adipem, indicating completeness; Translation: all; Notes: emphasizes that none of this fat is to be left unused.
  5. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of operit, referring back to adipem; Translation: which; Notes: links the fat to its anatomical location.
  6. operit — Lemma: operio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative third person singular, 4th conjugation; Function: verb of the relative clause; Translation: covers; Notes: describes the fat’s covering of the viscera.
  7. intestina — Lemma: intestinum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter, 2nd declension; Function: direct object of operit; Translation: intestines; Notes: internal organs partly enveloped by the sacrificial fat.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: adds another direct object to Sumes; Translation: and; Notes: coordinates reticulum with adipem.
  9. reticulum — Lemma: reticulum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter, 2nd declension; Function: direct object of Sumes; Translation: the lobe / caul; Notes: refers to the fatty network (caul) attached to the liver.
  10. iecoris — Lemma: iecur; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular neuter, 3rd declension; Function: genitive dependent on reticulum; Translation: of the liver; Notes: specifies that the caul belongs to the liver.
  11. ac — Lemma: ac; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: emphatically adds another item to the list; Translation: and also; Notes: slightly stronger than et, highlighting the kidneys.
  12. duos — Lemma: duo; Part of Speech: adjective (numeral); Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: modifies renes, giving their number; Translation: two; Notes: standard numeral adjective used with masculine plural renes.
  13. renes — Lemma: ren; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine, 3rd declension; Function: direct object of Sumes; Translation: kidneys; Notes: kidneys are regularly included among sacrificial fat portions.
  14. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: adds yet another direct object to Sumes; Translation: and; Notes: links the second occurrence of adipem.
  15. adipem — Lemma: adeps; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine, 3rd declension; Function: direct object of Sumes; Translation: fat; Notes: this time the fat associated specifically with the kidneys.
  16. qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of est; Translation: which; Notes: refers back to adipem, specifying its position.
  17. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces prepositional phrase indicating position; Translation: over / upon; Notes: spatially locates the fat in relation to the kidneys.
  18. eos — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of the preposition super; Translation: them; Notes: refers to the kidneys (renes) as the objects over which the fat lies.
  19. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative third person singular, irregular; Function: copula in the relative clause; Translation: is; Notes: states the existing position of the fat rather than a new action.
  20. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: transitions from selection of parts to the act of offering; Translation: and; Notes: links the preparatory actions with the burning on the altar.
  21. offeres — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative second person singular, 3rd conjugation; Function: main sacrificial verb; Translation: you shall offer; Notes: used in cultic contexts to describe presenting something on the altar.
  22. incensum — Lemma: incensum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter, 2nd declension; Function: direct object of offeres; Translation: incense / burnt offering; Notes: here denotes the act of burning the fat as something that ascends in smoke to God.
  23. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: introduces a locative phrase; Translation: upon; Notes: marks the altar as the surface on which the offering is burned.
  24. altare — Lemma: altare; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter, 3rd declension; Function: object of the preposition super; Translation: altar; Notes: central cultic structure on which the fat is consumed by fire.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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