Exodus 30:10

Posted on March 21, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 30:10 Et deprecabitur Aaron super cornua eius semel per annum, in sanguine quod oblatum est pro peccato, et placabit super eo in generationibus vestris. Sanctum sanctorum erit Domino.

And Aaron shall make supplication upon its horns once each year, with the blood that has been offered for sin, and he shall make atonement upon it in your generations. It shall be most holy to the LORD.”

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Et and CONJ INDECL
2 deprecabitur he shall supplicate 3SG.FUT.DEP.IND DEP (deponent)
3 Aaron Aaron NOM.SG.M NOUN INDECL
4 super upon PREP+ABL INDECL
5 cornua horns ACC.PL.N NOUN 4TH DECL
6 eius of it GEN.SG PRON POSS
7 semel once ADV INDECL
8 per each PREP+ACC INDECL
9 annum year ACC.SG.M NOUN 2ND DECL
10 in with PREP+ABL INDECL
11 sanguine blood ABL.SG.M NOUN 3RD DECL
12 quod which NOM.SG.N PRON REL
13 oblatum having been offered NOM.SG.N PTCP.PERF.PASS
14 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND IRREG
15 pro for PREP+ABL INDECL
16 peccato sin ABL.SG.N NOUN 3RD DECL
17 et and CONJ INDECL
18 placabit he shall make atonement 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND 1ST CONJ
19 super upon PREP+ABL INDECL
20 eo it ABL.SG.N PRON DEM
21 in in / throughout PREP+ABL INDECL
22 generationibus generations ABL.PL.F NOUN 3RD DECL
23 vestris your ABL.PL.F ADJ POSS
24 Sanctum holy NOM.SG.N ADJ POS
25 sanctorum of holies GEN.PL.N NOUN 2ND DECL
26 erit it shall be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND IRREG
27 Domino to the LORD DAT.SG.M NOUN 2ND DECL

Syntax

Main Clause: Et deprecabitur Aaron super cornua eius — describes Aaron’s annual act of intercession at the altar’s horns.
Temporal Modifier: semel per annum — specifies yearly occurrence.
Instrumental Ablative: in sanguine quod oblatum est pro peccato — the blood of the sin offering is the means of intercession.
Main Clause 2: et placabit super eo — Aaron performs atonement on the incense altar.
Temporal/Historical Horizon: in generationibus vestris — applies through all Israel’s generations.
Nominal Sentence: Sanctum sanctorum erit Domino — declares the altar “most holy to the LORD.”

Morphology

  1. Et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: connects to previous legislation; Translation: and; Notes: structural linker.
  2. deprecabitur — Lemma: deprecor; Part of Speech: deponent verb; Form: future indicative third singular; Function: main verb; Translation: he shall supplicate; Notes: expresses priestly intercession.
  3. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject; Translation: Aaron; Notes: refers to the High Priest.
  4. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: spatial relation; Translation: upon; Notes: position on the altar’s horns.
  5. cornua — Lemma: cornu; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter (invariant in some cases); Function: object of super; Translation: horns; Notes: structural elements of the altar.
  6. eius — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: genitive singular; Function: modifies cornua; Translation: of it; Notes: refers to the incense altar.
  7. semel — Lemma: semel; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: temporal adverb; Translation: once; Notes: specifies ritual frequency.
  8. per — Lemma: per; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: temporal expression; Translation: each; Notes: “per annum.”
  9. annum — Lemma: annus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of per; Translation: year; Notes: yearly ritual cycle.
  10. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: instrumental; Translation: with; Notes: ablative of means.
  11. sanguine — Lemma: sanguis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: instrument of atonement; Translation: blood; Notes: sin-offering blood.
  12. quod — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: subject of subordinate clause; Translation: which; Notes: refers to sanguine.
  13. oblatum — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect passive participle nominative singular neuter; Function: predicate in relative clause; Translation: having been offered; Notes: modifies blood of the sin offering.
  14. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present indicative third singular; Function: auxiliary; Translation: is; Notes: forms perfect passive.
  15. pro — Lemma: pro; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: indicates purpose or substitution; Translation: for; Notes: describes sin offering.
  16. peccato — Lemma: peccatum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of pro; Translation: sin; Notes: sacrificial category.
  17. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: joins second main clause; Translation: and; Notes: continuation.
  18. placabit — Lemma: placo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative third singular; Function: main verb; Translation: he shall make atonement; Notes: priestly atonement act.
  19. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: spatial; Translation: upon; Notes: same altar referenced.
  20. eo — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of super; Translation: it; Notes: refers to incense altar.
  21. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: temporal extension; Translation: in / throughout; Notes: long-term regulation.
  22. generationibus — Lemma: generatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative plural feminine; Function: object of in; Translation: generations; Notes: refers to Israel’s lineage.
  23. vestris — Lemma: vester; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: ablative plural feminine; Function: modifies generationibus; Translation: your; Notes: collective address.
  24. Sanctum — Lemma: sanctus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: holy; Notes: part of absolute sacred formula.
  25. sanctorum — Lemma: sanctum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural neuter; Function: genitive of superlative phrase; Translation: of holies; Notes: expresses superlative force “most holy.”
  26. erit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future indicative third singular; Function: copula; Translation: it shall be; Notes: declaration of status.
  27. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine; Function: dative of reference; Translation: to the LORD; Notes: denotes YHWH according to your rule.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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