Exodus 30:9

Posted on March 21, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 30:9 Non offeretis super eo thymiama compositionis alterius, nec oblationem, et victimam, nec libabitis libamina.

You shall not offer upon it incense of any other composition, nor an offering or a victim, nor shall you pour libations.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Non not ADV INDECL
2 offeretis you shall offer 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND 3RD CONJ
3 super upon PREP+ABL INDECL
4 eo it ABL.SG.N PRON DEM
5 thymiama incense ACC.SG.N NOUN 3RD DECL
6 compositionis of composition GEN.SG.F NOUN 3RD DECL
7 alterius of another GEN.SG.F ADJ INDEF
8 nec nor CONJ INDECL
9 oblationem offering ACC.SG.F NOUN 3RD DECL
10 et and CONJ INDECL
11 victimam victim / sacrifice ACC.SG.F NOUN 1ST DECL
12 nec nor CONJ INDECL
13 libabitis you shall pour libations 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND 1ST CONJ
14 libamina libations ACC.PL.N NOUN 3RD DECL

Syntax

Main Negative Command: Non offeretis super eo — prohibition against offering anything on the incense altar.
Direct Object Sequence: thymiama compositionis alterius — incense of another composition (prohibited).
Coordinated Prohibitions: nec oblationem, et victimam, nec libamina — no offerings, no sacrificial animals, no libations.
Verb Repeated: libabitis resumes the command for the final object.

Morphology

  1. Non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: negates the command; Translation: not; Notes: initiates strict prohibition.
  2. offeretis — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative second plural; Function: main verb of prohibition; Translation: you shall offer; Notes: applies to all priests.
  3. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: spatial relation; Translation: upon; Notes: refers to the incense altar.
  4. eo — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: object of super; Translation: it; Notes: refers to the incense altar.
  5. thymiama — Lemma: thymiama; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: incense; Notes: sacred incense of prescribed recipe.
  6. compositionis — Lemma: compositio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: modifies thymiama; Translation: of composition; Notes: indicates substance formula.
  7. alterius — Lemma: alter; Part of Speech: adjective (indefinite); Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: modifies compositionis; Translation: of another; Notes: forbids any alternative incense recipe.
  8. nec — Lemma: nec; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces coordinated prohibition; Translation: nor; Notes: negative additive.
  9. oblationem — Lemma: oblatio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: direct object; Translation: offering; Notes: refers to grain or other offerings.
  10. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: links coordinated objects; Translation: and; Notes: retains additive force.
  11. victimam — Lemma: victima; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: second object in the prohibition; Translation: victim; Notes: excludes animal sacrifices on this altar.
  12. nec — Lemma: nec; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces final prohibition; Translation: nor; Notes: continues list.
  13. libabitis — Lemma: libo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative second plural; Function: verb of final prohibition; Translation: you shall pour libations; Notes: forbids wine or drink offerings on incense altar.
  14. libamina — Lemma: libamen; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: direct object of libabitis; Translation: libations; Notes: term for liquid offerings.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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