Exodus 36:35

Posted on March 27, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 36:35 Fecit et velum de hyacintho, et purpura, vermiculo, ac bysso retorta, opere polymitario, varium atque distinctum:

He also made the veil of hyacinth, and purple, and scarlet, and twisted linen, in variegated work of embroidery, patterned and distinct;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Fecit he made 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
2 et also CONJ
3 velum veil ACC.SG.N NOUN
4 de of / from PREP+ABL
5 hyacintho hyacinth-blue ABL.SG.M/N NOUN
6 et and CONJ
7 purpura purple ABL.SG.F NOUN
8 vermiculo scarlet ABL.SG.M NOUN
9 ac and CONJ
10 bysso fine linen ABL.SG.F NOUN
11 retorta twisted ABL.SG.F PTCP.PERF.PASS
12 opere in work ABL.SG.N NOUN
13 polymitario embroidered ABL.SG.N ADJ
14 varium variegated ACC.SG.N ADJ
15 atque and CONJ
16 distinctum distinct ACC.SG.N ADJ

Syntax

Main Clause:
Fecit et velum — “He also made the veil.”
• Fecit = main verb.
• velum = direct object.

Material Phrase Series:
de hyacintho, et purpura, vermiculo, ac bysso retorta
• A chain of ablatives of material.
• bysso retorta = “twisted linen,” describing weaving technique.

Instrument / Manner Phrase:
opere polymitario — “in embroidered work.”
• Ablative of manner/instrument.

Object Complements:
varium atque distinctum — “variegated and distinct.”
• Predicate adjectives modifying velum, describing its artistic quality.

Morphology

  1. Fecit — Lemma: facio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 3rd person singular perfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: he made; Notes: continues enumerating items crafted for the Sanctuary.
  2. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: adds another item to the list; Translation: also; Notes: sequential connective.
  3. velum — Lemma: velum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: veil; Notes: refers to the inner veil of the Sanctuary.
  4. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: indicates material; Translation: of / from; Notes: used before all material ablatives.
  5. hyacintho — Lemma: hyacinthus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine/neuter; Function: material; Translation: hyacinth-blue; Notes: blue-dyed fabric.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: joins material elements; Translation: and; Notes: simple additive.
  7. purpura — Lemma: purpura; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: material; Translation: purple; Notes: costly dye.
  8. vermiculo — Lemma: vermiculus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: material; Translation: scarlet; Notes: dye from cochineal worms.
  9. ac — Lemma: ac; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: strengthens coordination; Translation: and; Notes: slightly emphatic “and.”
  10. bysso — Lemma: byssus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: material; Translation: fine linen; Notes: high-quality linen used for sacred cloth.
  11. retorta — Lemma: retorqueo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: ablative singular feminine perfect passive participle; Function: modifies bysso; Translation: twisted; Notes: describes linen spun into tightly twisted threads.
  12. opere — Lemma: opus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: ablative of manner; Translation: in work; Notes: introduces artistic craftsmanship type.
  13. polymitario — Lemma: polymitarius; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative singular neuter; Function: modifies opere; Translation: embroidered; Notes: denotes multi-threaded embroidery.
  14. varium — Lemma: varius; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: predicate adjective of velum; Translation: variegated; Notes: describes color/texture diversity.
  15. atque — Lemma: atque; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: strong coordination; Translation: and; Notes: more emphatic than et.
  16. distinctum — Lemma: distinctus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: predicate adjective of velum; Translation: distinct; Notes: describes clarity of embroidered patterns.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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