Leviticus 9:2

Posted on April 9, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 9:2 Tolle de armento vitulum pro peccato, et arietem in holocaustum, utrumque immaculatum, et offer illos coram Domino.

Take from the herd a calf for sin, and a ram for a burnt offering, both without blemish, and offer them before the LORD.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Tolle take 2SG.PRES.ACT.IMP.MOOD
2 de from PREP+ABL
3 armento herd ABL.SG.N
4 vitulum calf ACC.SG.M
5 pro for PREP+ABL
6 peccato sin ABL.SG.N
7 et and CONJ
8 arietem ram ACC.SG.M
9 in as PREP+ACC
10 holocaustum burnt offering ACC.SG.N
11 utrumque both ACC.SG.N
12 immaculatum without blemish ACC.SG.N
13 et and CONJ
14 offer offer 2SG.PRES.ACT.IMP.MOOD
15 illos them ACC.PL.M
16 coram before PREP+ABL
17 Domino the LORD ABL.SG.M

Syntax

Primary Imperatives: Tolle and offer — direct commands addressed to Aaron
Source Phrase: de armento — specifies origin of the sacrificial animals
Direct Objects: vitulum and arietem — the required offerings
Purpose Phrases: pro peccato and in holocaustum — sacrificial categories
Appositional Description: utrumque immaculatum — qualification applying to both animals
Locative Phrase: coram Domino — place of presentation before YHWH

Morphology

  1. Tolle — Lemma: tollo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person singular present active imperative; Function: command; Translation: take; Notes: Initiates the sacrificial instructions.
  2. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs the ablative; Function: source; Translation: from; Notes: Indicates origin.
  3. armento — Lemma: armentum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative neuter singular second declension; Function: object of de; Translation: herd; Notes: Refers to cattle.
  4. vitulum — Lemma: vitulus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine singular second declension; Function: direct object of Tolle; Translation: calf; Notes: Designated for the sin offering.
  5. pro — Lemma: pro; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs the ablative; Function: purpose or substitution; Translation: for; Notes: Indicates sacrificial intent.
  6. peccato — Lemma: peccatum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative neuter singular second declension; Function: object of pro; Translation: sin; Notes: Refers to the sin offering category.
  7. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Joins the two offerings.
  8. arietem — Lemma: aries; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine singular third declension; Function: second direct object of Tolle; Translation: ram; Notes: Animal for the burnt offering.
  9. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs the accusative; Function: purpose or category; Translation: as; Notes: Introduces sacrificial classification.
  10. holocaustum — Lemma: holocaustum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative neuter singular second declension; Function: object of in; Translation: burnt offering; Notes: Offering wholly consumed by fire.
  11. utrumque — Lemma: uterque; Part of Speech: distributive pronoun; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: modifies vitulum and arietem together; Translation: both; Notes: Treats the pair as a single set.
  12. immaculatum — Lemma: immaculatus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: predicate adjective with utrumque; Translation: without blemish; Notes: Required sacrificial purity.
  13. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links the commands.
  14. offer — Lemma: offero; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person singular present active imperative; Function: command; Translation: offer; Notes: Ritual presentation.
  15. illos — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: accusative masculine plural; Function: direct object of offer; Translation: them; Notes: Refers to the calf and the ram.
  16. coram — Lemma: coram; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs the ablative; Function: presence; Translation: before; Notes: Indicates presentation in the divine presence.
  17. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative masculine singular second declension; Function: object of coram; Translation: the LORD; Notes: Refers to YHWH.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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