Leviticus 9:3

Posted on April 9, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 9:3 Et ad filios Israel loqueris: Tollite hircum pro peccato, et vitulum, atque agnum anniculos, et sine macula in holocaustum,

And to the sons of Israel you shall speak: ‘Take a male goat for sin, and a calf, and a lamb one year old, and without blemish for a burnt offering,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Et and CONJ
2 ad to PREP+ACC
3 filios sons ACC.PL.M
4 Israel of Israel GEN.SG.M.INDECL
5 loqueris you shall speak 2SG.FUT.ACT.IND
6 Tollite take 2PL.PRES.ACT.IMP.MOOD
7 hircum male goat ACC.SG.M
8 pro for PREP+ABL
9 peccato sin ABL.SG.N
10 et and CONJ
11 vitulum calf ACC.SG.M
12 atque and CONJ
13 agnum lamb ACC.SG.M
14 anniculos one year old ACC.PL.M
15 et and CONJ
16 sine without PREP+ABL
17 macula blemish ABL.SG.F
18 in as PREP+ACC
19 holocaustum burnt offering ACC.SG.N

Syntax

Main Command: loqueris — directive addressed to Moses to speak
Addressee Phrase: ad filios Israel — the people receiving instruction
Quoted Imperative: Tollite — command addressed to Israel
Objects of Taking: hircum vitulum agnum anniculos — sacrificial animals
Sacrificial Purposes: pro peccato and in holocaustum — offering categories
Qualifying Phrases: anniculos and sine macula — age and purity requirements

Morphology

  1. Et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: connective; Translation: and; Notes: Continues the divine instruction.
  2. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs the accusative; Function: direction toward persons; Translation: to; Notes: Introduces the addressees.
  3. filios — Lemma: filius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine plural second declension; Function: object of ad; Translation: sons; Notes: Refers to the people.
  4. Israel — Lemma: Israel; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: genitive singular indeclinable; Function: modifies filios; Translation: of Israel; Notes: Covenant nation.
  5. loqueris — Lemma: loquor; Part of Speech: deponent verb; Form: second person singular future indicative; Function: main verb of command; Translation: you shall speak; Notes: Moses as spokesperson.
  6. Tollite — Lemma: tollo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person plural present active imperative; Function: quoted command; Translation: take; Notes: Addressed to Israel.
  7. hircum — Lemma: hircus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine singular second declension; Function: direct object of Tollite; Translation: male goat; Notes: Designated for sin offering.
  8. pro — Lemma: pro; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs the ablative; Function: purpose; Translation: for; Notes: Indicates sacrificial category.
  9. peccato — Lemma: peccatum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative neuter singular second declension; Function: object of pro; Translation: sin; Notes: Sin offering.
  10. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Joins further offerings.
  11. vitulum — Lemma: vitulus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine singular second declension; Function: direct object; Translation: calf; Notes: Additional sacrificial animal.
  12. atque — Lemma: atque; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: emphatic coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Strengthens the list.
  13. agnum — Lemma: agnus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine singular second declension; Function: direct object; Translation: lamb; Notes: Burnt offering animal.
  14. anniculos — Lemma: anniculus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative masculine plural; Function: modifies vitulum and agnum collectively; Translation: one year old; Notes: Standard sacrificial age.
  15. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Adds purity requirement.
  16. sine — Lemma: sine; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs the ablative; Function: privative; Translation: without; Notes: Indicates absence of defect.
  17. macula — Lemma: macula; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative feminine singular first declension; Function: object of sine; Translation: blemish; Notes: Ritual purity requirement.
  18. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs the accusative; Function: purpose or category; Translation: as; Notes: Introduces offering type.
  19. holocaustum — Lemma: holocaustum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative neuter singular second declension; Function: object of in; Translation: burnt offering; Notes: Offering wholly consumed.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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