Leviticus 10:17

Posted on April 10, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 10:17 Cur non comedistis hostiam pro peccato in loco sancto, quæ Sancta sanctorum est, et data vobis ut portetis iniquitatem multitudinis, et rogetis pro ea in conspectu Domini,

“Why did you not eat the sacrifice for sin in a holy place, which is Holy of holies, and has been given to you so that you might bear the iniquity of the multitude, and make supplication for it before the LORD,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Cur why ADV
2 non not ADV
3 comedistis you ate 2PL.PERF.ACT.IND
4 hostiam the sacrifice ACC.SG.F
5 pro for PREP+ABL
6 peccato sin ABL.SG.N
7 in in PREP+ABL
8 loco place ABL.SG.M
9 sancto holy ABL.SG.M
10 quæ which REL.NOM.SG.F
11 Sancta Holy NOM.SG.F
12 sanctorum of Holies GEN.PL.N
13 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
14 et and CONJ
15 data given PTCP.PERF.PASS.NOM.SG.F
16 vobis to you DAT.PL
17 ut so that CONJ
18 portetis you might bear 2PL.PRES.SUBJ.ACT
19 iniquitatem iniquity ACC.SG.F
20 multitudinis of the multitude GEN.SG.F
21 et and CONJ
22 rogetis you might entreat 2PL.PRES.SUBJ.ACT
23 pro for PREP+ABL
24 ea it ABL.SG.F
25 in in PREP+ABL
26 conspectu presence ABL.SG.M
27 Domini of the LORD GEN.SG.M

Syntax

Interrogative Rebuke: Cur non comedistis — rhetorical question expressing censure
Direct Object: hostiam pro peccato — sin offering intended for priestly consumption
Locative Requirement: in loco sancto — mandated sacred location
Relative Clause: quæ Sancta sanctorum est — highest degree of holiness
Coordinated Purpose: ut portetis iniquitatem multitudinis et rogetis pro ea — priestly mediation
Sphere of Action: in conspectu Domini — divine presence

Morphology

  1. Cur — Lemma: cur; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: interrogative; Translation: why; Notes: Introduces rebuke.
  2. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: negation; Translation: not; Notes: Denies expected action.
  3. comedistis — Lemma: comedo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person plural perfect active indicative; Function: main verb; Translation: you ate; Notes: Completed but omitted duty.
  4. hostiam — Lemma: hostia; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative feminine singular; Function: direct object; Translation: the sacrifice; Notes: Sin offering.
  5. pro — Lemma: pro; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: purpose; Translation: for; Notes: Substitutionary sense.
  6. peccato — Lemma: peccatum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative neuter singular; Function: object of pro; Translation: sin; Notes: Cultic offense.
  7. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: location; Translation: in; Notes: Static position.
  8. loco — Lemma: locus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: object of in; Translation: place; Notes: Designated sacred area.
  9. sancto — Lemma: sanctus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: modifies loco; Translation: holy; Notes: Set apart.
  10. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative feminine singular; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: which; Notes: Refers to hostia.
  11. Sancta — Lemma: sanctus; Part of Speech: adjective used substantively; Form: nominative feminine singular; Function: predicate nominative; Translation: Holy; Notes: Superlative expression.
  12. sanctorum — Lemma: sanctus; Part of Speech: adjective used substantively; Form: genitive neuter plural; Function: partitive genitive; Translation: of Holies; Notes: Highest sanctity.
  13. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: is; Notes: States status.
  14. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links purposes.
  15. data — Lemma: do; Part of Speech: verb participle; Form: perfect passive participle nominative feminine singular; Function: predicate with implied est; Translation: given; Notes: Divine grant.
  16. vobis — Lemma: vos; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: dative plural; Function: indirect object; Translation: to you; Notes: Priestly recipients.
  17. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: purpose; Translation: so that; Notes: Introduces intent.
  18. portetis — Lemma: porto; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person plural present active subjunctive; Function: purpose verb; Translation: you might bear; Notes: Mediatorial responsibility.
  19. iniquitatem — Lemma: iniquitas; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative feminine singular; Function: object of portetis; Translation: iniquity; Notes: Collective guilt.
  20. multitudinis — Lemma: multitudo; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive feminine singular; Function: modifies iniquitatem; Translation: of the multitude; Notes: The people.
  21. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links purposes.
  22. rogetis — Lemma: rogo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: second person plural present active subjunctive; Function: purpose verb; Translation: you might entreat; Notes: Intercessory prayer.
  23. pro — Lemma: pro; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: substitution; Translation: for; Notes: On behalf of.
  24. ea — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: ablative feminine singular; Function: object of pro; Translation: it; Notes: Refers to the multitude.
  25. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: sphere; Translation: in; Notes: Presence context.
  26. conspectu — Lemma: conspectus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative masculine singular; Function: object of in; Translation: presence; Notes: Before God.
  27. Domini — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive masculine singular; Function: modifies conspectu; Translation: of the LORD; Notes: YHWH.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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