Leviticus 11:19

Posted on April 11, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 11:19 herodionem, et charadrion iuxta genus suum, upupam quoque, et vespertilionem.

the heron, and the plover according to their kind, also the hoopoe and the bat.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 herodionem heron ACC.SG.M
2 et and CONJ
3 charadrion plover ACC.SG.M
4 iuxta according to PREP+ACC
5 genus kind ACC.SG.N
6 suum their ACC.SG.N.POSS
7 upupam hoopoe ACC.SG.F
8 quoque also ADV
9 et and CONJ
10 vespertilionem bat ACC.SG.M

Syntax

Enumerated Objects: herodionem et charadrion — continuation of the prohibited birds
Classification Phrase: iuxta genus suum — species based grouping applied distributively
Additive Extension: upupam quoque et vespertilionem — further items added to the list

Morphology

  1. herodionem — Lemma: herodius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: object of implied prohibition; Translation: heron; Notes: Wading bird listed among the unclean birds.
  2. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links items in the catalogue.
  3. charadrion — Lemma: charadrius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: object of implied prohibition; Translation: plover; Notes: Shore bird included among prohibited species.
  4. iuxta — Lemma: iuxta; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: standard of classification; Translation: according to; Notes: Indicates grouping by kind.
  5. genus — Lemma: genus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: object of iuxta; Translation: kind; Notes: Taxonomic category.
  6. suum — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: modifier of genus; Translation: their; Notes: Distributive sense applying individually.
  7. upupam — Lemma: upupa; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative feminine singular; Function: object of implied prohibition; Translation: hoopoe; Notes: Crested bird associated with impurity in ritual lists.
  8. quoque — Lemma: quoque; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: additive emphasis; Translation: also; Notes: Adds further items to the enumeration.
  9. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links final item.
  10. vespertilionem — Lemma: vespertilio; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: object of implied prohibition; Translation: bat; Notes: Flying creature listed among the unclean animals.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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