Leviticus 11:20

Posted on April 11, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 11:20 Omne de volucribus quod graditur super quattuor pedes, abominabile erit vobis.

Every thing among winged creatures that goes upon four feet, shall be abominable to you.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Omne every NOM.SG.N
2 de among PREP+ABL
3 volucribus winged creatures ABL.PL.F
4 quod which REL.NOM.SG.N
5 graditur walks 3SG.PRES.DEP.IND
6 super upon PREP+ACC
7 quattuor four INDECL
8 pedes feet ACC.PL.M
9 abominabile abominable NOM.SG.N
10 erit will be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
11 vobis to you DAT.PL

Syntax

Main Clause: Omne (subject) + erit (copula)
Predicate: abominabile — evaluative predicate adjective
Relative Clause: quod graditur super quattuor pedes — restricts the subject by manner of movement
Dative of Reference: vobis — ethical/legal standpoint

Morphology

  1. Omne — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective used substantively; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: subject; Translation: every thing; Notes: Universalizing term introducing a categorical rule.
  2. de — Lemma: de; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: partitive limitation; Translation: among; Notes: Narrows the scope to a subset.
  3. volucribus — Lemma: volucris; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative feminine plural; Function: object of de; Translation: winged creatures; Notes: Broad class including flying beings.
  4. quod — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: which; Notes: Refers back to Omne.
  5. graditur — Lemma: gradior; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present deponent indicative; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: walks; Notes: Deponent verb emphasizing manner of movement.
  6. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: spatial relation; Translation: upon; Notes: Indicates physical support.
  7. quattuor — Lemma: quattuor; Part of Speech: numeral adjective; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifier of pedes; Translation: four; Notes: Specifies number without inflection.
  8. pedes — Lemma: pes; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine plural; Function: object of super; Translation: feet; Notes: Refers to limbs used for locomotion.
  9. abominabile — Lemma: abominabilis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: abominable; Notes: Legal-ritual evaluation of impurity.
  10. erit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future active indicative; Function: copula; Translation: will be; Notes: Expresses ongoing legal force.
  11. vobis — Lemma: tu; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: dative plural; Function: dative of reference; Translation: to you; Notes: Addresses Israel as the obligated community.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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