Leviticus 13:24

Posted on April 13, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 13:24 Caro autem et cutis, quam ignis exusserit, et sanata albam sive rufam habuerit cicatricem,

But the flesh and the skin, which the fire has burned, and having been healed has had a white or red scar,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Caro flesh NOM.SG.F
2 autem but ADV
3 et and CONJ
4 cutis skin NOM.SG.F
5 quam which ACC.SG.F REL.PRON
6 ignis fire NOM.SG.M
7 exusserit has burned 3SG.PERF.SUBJ.ACT
8 et and CONJ
9 sanata having been healed NOM.SG.F PTCP.PERF.PASS
10 albam white ACC.SG.F ADJ.POS
11 sive or CONJ
12 rufam red ACC.SG.F ADJ.POS
13 habuerit has had 3SG.PERF.SUBJ.ACT
14 cicatricem scar ACC.SG.F

Syntax

Topic Shift: Caro autem et cutis introduces a new diagnostic category following previous ulcer cases.
Relative Clause: quam ignis exusserit specifies the cause of injury using a perfect subjunctive in a descriptive clause.
Participial Description: sanata qualifies the skin as healed prior to evaluation.
Object Description: albam sive rufam cicatricem habuerit states the observable result, with alternative coloration joined by sive.

Morphology

  1. Caro — Lemma: caro; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject; Translation: flesh; Notes: Bodily tissue under priestly assessment.
  2. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: marks contrast; Translation: but; Notes: Introduces a new legal-medical scenario.
  3. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordinates nouns; Translation: and; Notes: Links caro and cutis.
  4. cutis — Lemma: cutis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject with caro; Translation: skin; Notes: External surface evaluated with the flesh.
  5. quam — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of exusserit; Translation: which; Notes: Refers back to cutis.
  6. ignis — Lemma: ignis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of exusserit; Translation: fire; Notes: Agent causing the burn.
  7. exusserit — Lemma: exuro; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: has burned; Notes: Subjunctive used in descriptive relative context.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordinates clauses; Translation: and; Notes: Links cause and healed state.
  9. sanata — Lemma: sano; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular feminine perfect passive; Function: participial modifier; Translation: having been healed; Notes: Indicates recovery before inspection.
  10. albam — Lemma: albus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular feminine positive; Function: modifies cicatricem; Translation: white; Notes: One diagnostic coloration.
  11. sive — Lemma: sive; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces alternative; Translation: or; Notes: Presents mutually exclusive options.
  12. rufam — Lemma: rufus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular feminine positive; Function: modifies cicatricem; Translation: red; Notes: Alternate coloration after burning.
  13. habuerit — Lemma: habeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of conditional-relative description; Translation: has had; Notes: Indicates possession of the scar at inspection time.
  14. cicatricem — Lemma: cicatrix; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: direct object of habuerit; Translation: scar; Notes: Residual mark following a burn.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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