Leviticus 15:22

Posted on April 15, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 15:22 Qui tetigerit lectum eius, lavabit vestimenta sua: et ipse lotus aqua, immundus erit usque ad vesperum.

Whoever shall have touched her bed, shall wash his garments; and he himself having been washed with water, shall be unclean until evening.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Qui who NOM.SG.M REL
2 tetigerit shall have touched 3SG.FUTP.ACT.IND
3 lectum bed ACC.SG.M
4 eius her GEN.SG.F POSS.PRON
5 lavabit shall wash 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
6 vestimenta garments ACC.PL.N
7 sua his own ACC.PL.N POSS.PRON
8 et and CONJ
9 ipse he himself NOM.SG.M PRON
10 lotus having been washed NOM.SG.M PERF.PASS.PTCP
11 aqua with water ABL.SG.F
12 immundus unclean NOM.SG.M ADJ
13 erit shall be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
14 usque until PREP
15 ad to PREP+ACC
16 vesperum evening ACC.SG.M

Syntax

Relative Subject: Qui tetigerit introduces the conditional actor
Object of Contact: lectum eius specifies the defiling surface
Main Obligation: lavabit vestimenta sua states the required act
Emphatic Subject: ipse lotus aqua highlights personal washing
Resulting State: immundus erit usque ad vesperum defines duration of impurity

Morphology

  1. Qui — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of relative clause; Translation: who; Notes: Introduces the conditional subject.
  2. tetigerit — Lemma: tango; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect indicative active; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: shall have touched; Notes: Completed contact triggers impurity.
  3. lectum — Lemma: lectus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object; Translation: bed; Notes: Object rendered impure by contact.
  4. eius — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: genitive singular feminine; Function: modifies lectum; Translation: her; Notes: Refers to the woman in separation.
  5. lavabit — Lemma: lavo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: main verb; Translation: shall wash; Notes: Mandated cleansing action.
  6. vestimenta — Lemma: vestimentum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: garments; Notes: Clothing as carrier of impurity.
  7. sua — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: modifies vestimenta; Translation: his own; Notes: Reflexive possession.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links actions.
  9. ipse — Lemma: ipse; Part of Speech: intensive pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: emphatic subject; Translation: he himself; Notes: Emphasizes personal involvement.
  10. lotus — Lemma: lavo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular masculine perfect passive; Function: circumstantial participle; Translation: having been washed; Notes: Washing does not remove same day impurity.
  11. aqua — Lemma: aqua; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: ablative of means; Translation: with water; Notes: Medium of ritual washing.
  12. immundus — Lemma: immundus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: unclean; Notes: Ritual status incurred.
  13. erit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: copula; Translation: shall be; Notes: States resulting condition.
  14. usque — Lemma: usque; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: invariable; Function: temporal limit; Translation: until; Notes: Marks duration.
  15. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: temporal direction; Translation: to; Notes: Used with time expressions.
  16. vesperum — Lemma: vesper; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: evening; Notes: Daily terminus of impurity.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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