Leviticus 15:23

Posted on April 15, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 15:23 Omne vas, super quo illa sederit, quisquis attigerit, lavabit vestimenta sua: et ipse lotus aqua, pollutus erit usque ad vesperum.

Every vessel, upon which she shall have sat, whoever shall have touched it, shall wash his garments; and he himself having been washed with water, shall be defiled until evening.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Omne every ACC.SG.N ADJ
2 vas vessel ACC.SG.N NOUN
3 super upon PREP+ACC
4 quo which ACC.SG.N REL
5 illa she NOM.SG.F DEM.PRON
6 sederit shall have sat 3SG.FUTP.ACT.IND
7 quisquis whoever NOM.SG.M INDEF.PRON
8 attigerit shall have touched 3SG.FUTP.ACT.IND
9 lavabit shall wash 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
10 vestimenta garments ACC.PL.N NOUN
11 sua his own ACC.PL.N POSS.PRON
12 et and CONJ
13 ipse he himself NOM.SG.M INTENS.PRON
14 lotus having been washed NOM.SG.M PERF.PASS.PTCP
15 aqua with water ABL.SG.F NOUN
16 pollutus defiled NOM.SG.M PERF.PASS.PTCP
17 erit shall be 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
18 usque until PREP
19 ad to PREP+ACC
20 vesperum evening ACC.SG.M NOUN

Syntax

Fronted Object: Omne vas establishes the affected item.
Relative Phrase: super quo illa sederit specifies the condition of use.
Indefinite Subject: quisquis attigerit identifies any person making contact.
Main Obligation: lavabit vestimenta sua prescribes the required action.
Resulting State: ipse lotus aqua pollutus erit usque ad vesperum defines the consequence and duration.

Morphology

  1. Omne — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: modifies vas; Translation: every; Notes: Universal scope.
  2. vas — Lemma: vas; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object placed before the clause; Translation: vessel; Notes: Any utensil or container.
  3. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: indicates surface contact; Translation: upon; Notes: Physical contact is implied.
  4. quo — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of super; Translation: which; Notes: Refers back to vas.
  5. illa — Lemma: ille; Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun; Form: nominative singular feminine; Function: subject of the relative clause; Translation: she; Notes: The woman under the law.
  6. sederit — Lemma: sedeo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect indicative active; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: shall have sat; Notes: Completed act defining defilement.
  7. quisquis — Lemma: quisquis; Part of Speech: indefinite relative pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: subject of main clause; Translation: whoever; Notes: No exception allowed.
  8. attigerit — Lemma: attingo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect indicative active; Function: verb governing quisquis; Translation: shall have touched; Notes: Contact triggers obligation.
  9. lavabit — Lemma: lavo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: main verb of command; Translation: shall wash; Notes: Required cleansing act.
  10. vestimenta — Lemma: vestimentum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: direct object; Translation: garments; Notes: Clothing bears impurity.
  11. sua — Lemma: suus; Part of Speech: possessive pronoun; Form: accusative plural neuter; Function: modifies vestimenta; Translation: his own; Notes: Reflexive ownership.
  12. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links consequences.
  13. ipse — Lemma: ipse; Part of Speech: intensive pronoun; Form: nominative singular masculine; Function: emphatic subject; Translation: he himself; Notes: Personal responsibility emphasized.
  14. lotus — Lemma: lavo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular masculine perfect passive; Function: circumstantial participle; Translation: having been washed; Notes: Washing precedes but does not remove same-day impurity.
  15. aqua — Lemma: aqua; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular feminine; Function: ablative of means; Translation: with water; Notes: Means of ritual washing.
  16. pollutus — Lemma: polluo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: nominative singular masculine perfect passive; Function: predicate participle; Translation: defiled; Notes: Resulting ritual state.
  17. erit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative active; Function: copula; Translation: shall be; Notes: Declares legal condition.
  18. usque — Lemma: usque; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: invariable; Function: temporal limit; Translation: until; Notes: Duration marker.
  19. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: temporal direction; Translation: to; Notes: Used with time.
  20. vesperum — Lemma: vesper; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: object of ad; Translation: evening; Notes: Standard daily endpoint.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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