Leviticus 16:2

Posted on April 16, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 16:2 et præcepit ei, dicens: Loquere ad Aaron fratrem tuum, ne omni tempore ingrediatur Sanctuarium, quod est intra velum coram propitiatorio quo tegitur arca, ut non moriatur (quia in nube apparebo super oraculum)

and he commanded him, saying: “Speak to Aaron your brother, that he not enter the Sanctuary at every time, which is within the veil before the propitiatory by which the ark is covered, so that he may not die (because in a cloud I will appear over the oracle)

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 et and CONJ
2 præcepit commanded 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND
3 ei to him DAT.SG.M.PRON.PERS
4 dicens saying PTCP.NOM.SG.M.PRES.ACT
5 Loquere speak 2SG.PRES.IMP.MOOD.DEP
6 ad to PREP+ACC
7 Aaron Aaron INDECL
8 fratrem brother ACC.SG.M
9 tuum your ACC.SG.M.POSS
10 ne lest/that not CONJ
11 omni every ABL.SG.F
12 tempore time ABL.SG.N
13 ingrediatur he may enter 3SG.PRES.SUBJ.DEP
14 Sanctuarium Sanctuary ACC.SG.N
15 quod which NOM.SG.N.REL
16 est is 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
17 intra within PREP+ACC
18 velum veil ACC.SG.N
19 coram before PREP+ABL
20 propitiatorio propitiatory ABL.SG.N
21 quo by which ABL.SG.N.REL
22 tegitur is covered 3SG.PRES.PASS.IND
23 arca ark NOM.SG.F
24 ut so that CONJ
25 non not ADV
26 moriatur he may die 3SG.PRES.SUBJ.DEP
27 quia because CONJ
28 in in PREP+ABL
29 nube cloud ABL.SG.F
30 apparebo I will appear 1SG.FUT.ACT.IND
31 super over PREP+ACC
32 oraculum oracle ACC.SG.N

Syntax

Main Clause: præcepit (verb) + ei (indirect object)
Participial Clause: dicens — introduces direct command content
Imperative Clause: Loquere ad Aaron fratrem tuum — command of speech
Negative Purpose Clause: ne … ingrediatur — restriction expressed with subjunctive
Relative Clause: quod est intra velum — defines Sanctuarium
Purpose Clause: ut non moriatur — consequence avoided
Causal Clause: quia … apparebo — divine rationale

Morphology

  1. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: connective; Translation: and; Notes: Links this command to the prior divine speech.
  2. præcepit — Lemma: præcipio; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular perfect indicative active; Function: main verb; Translation: commanded; Notes: Introduces authoritative instruction.
  3. ei — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: personal pronoun; Form: dative masculine singular; Function: indirect object; Translation: to him; Notes: Refers to Moses.
  4. dicens — Lemma: dico; Part of Speech: verb participle; Form: present participle nominative masculine singular active; Function: introduces direct discourse; Translation: saying; Notes: Common narrative device in commands.
  5. Loquere — Lemma: loquor; Part of Speech: deponent verb; Form: second person singular present imperative; Function: command; Translation: speak; Notes: Addressed to Moses.
  6. ad — Lemma: ad; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: marks addressee; Translation: to; Notes: Standard with verbs of speech.
  7. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: object of ad; Translation: Aaron; Notes: High priestly figure.
  8. fratrem — Lemma: frater; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: appositional descriptor; Translation: brother; Notes: Clarifies familial relationship.
  9. tuum — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative masculine singular; Function: modifies fratrem; Translation: your; Notes: Personalizes the command.
  10. ne — Lemma: ne; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces negative purpose; Translation: that not; Notes: Requires subjunctive.
  11. omni — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: ablative feminine singular; Function: modifies tempore; Translation: every; Notes: Emphasizes unrestricted time.
  12. tempore — Lemma: tempus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative neuter singular; Function: ablative of time; Translation: time; Notes: Used idiomatically with omni.
  13. ingrediatur — Lemma: ingredior; Part of Speech: deponent verb; Form: third person singular present subjunctive; Function: verb of negative purpose clause; Translation: he may enter; Notes: Expresses restricted access.
  14. Sanctuarium — Lemma: sanctuarium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: object of ingrediatur; Translation: Sanctuary; Notes: Refers to the inner holy space.
  15. quod — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative neuter singular; Function: introduces relative clause; Translation: which; Notes: Refers back to Sanctuarium.
  16. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present indicative active; Function: copula; Translation: is; Notes: Links location predicate.
  17. intra — Lemma: intra; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: marks interior location; Translation: within; Notes: Spatial emphasis.
  18. velum — Lemma: velum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: object of intra; Translation: veil; Notes: Separates sacred space.
  19. coram — Lemma: coram; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: expresses presence; Translation: before; Notes: Indicates proximity.
  20. propitiatorio — Lemma: propitiatorium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative neuter singular; Function: object of coram; Translation: propitiatory; Notes: Mercy-seat reference.
  21. quo — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: ablative neuter singular; Function: instrumental relative; Translation: by which; Notes: Refers to covering function.
  22. tegitur — Lemma: tego; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular present indicative passive; Function: predicate; Translation: is covered; Notes: Passive emphasizes state.
  23. arca — Lemma: arca; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative feminine singular; Function: subject of tegitur; Translation: ark; Notes: Central cultic object.
  24. ut — Lemma: ut; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces purpose clause; Translation: so that; Notes: Governs subjunctive.
  25. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: negation; Translation: not; Notes: Negates the verb.
  26. moriatur — Lemma: morior; Part of Speech: deponent verb; Form: third person singular present subjunctive; Function: verb of purpose clause; Translation: he may die; Notes: Expresses consequence avoided.
  27. quia — Lemma: quia; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces cause; Translation: because; Notes: Grounds the restriction.
  28. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing ablative; Function: marks state/location; Translation: in; Notes: With nube expresses manner.
  29. nube — Lemma: nubes; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative feminine singular; Function: object of in; Translation: cloud; Notes: Theophanic medium.
  30. apparebo — Lemma: appareo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: first person singular future indicative active; Function: main verb of causal clause; Translation: I will appear; Notes: Divine self-manifestation.
  31. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: marks position above; Translation: over; Notes: Spatial superiority.
  32. oraculum — Lemma: oraculum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: object of super; Translation: oracle; Notes: Refers to the divine speaking-place.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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