Leviticus 16:23

Posted on April 16, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 16:23 revertetur Aaron in tabernaculum testimonii, et depositis vestibus, quibus prius indutus erat cum intraret Sanctuarium, relictisque ibi,

and Aaron shall return into the tent of testimony, and having laid aside the garments, with which he was previously clothed when he entered the Sanctuary, leaving them there,

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 revertetur he-shall-return 3SG.FUT.DEP.IND
2 Aaron Aaron INDECL
3 in into PREP+ACC
4 tabernaculum tent ACC.SG.N
5 testimonii testimony GEN.SG.N
6 et and CONJ
7 depositis having-laid-aside PTCP.PERF.PASS.ABL.PL.F
8 vestibus garments ABL.PL.F
9 quibus with-which ABL.PL.F.REL
10 prius previously ADV
11 indutus clothed PTCP.PERF.PASS.NOM.SG.M
12 erat was 3SG.IMPERF.ACT.IND
13 cum when CONJ
14 intraret he-was-entering 3SG.IMPERF.SUBJ.ACT
15 Sanctuarium Sanctuary ACC.SG.N
16 relictisque and-leaving PTCP.PERF.PASS.ABL.PL.F+CONJ
17 ibi there ADV

Syntax

Main Clause: revertetur Aaron — future deponent indicating Aaron’s return
Directional Phrase: in tabernaculum testimonii — destination of movement
Ablative Absolute: depositis vestibus — preparatory action accompanying the return
Relative Clause: quibus prius indutus erat — identifies the specific garments previously worn
Temporal Clause: cum intraret Sanctuarium — situates the prior clothing in time
Coordinated Ablative Absolute: relictisque ibi — specifies that the garments are left in that place

Morphology

  1. revertetur — Lemma: revertor; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future indicative deponent; Function: main predicate; Translation: he shall return; Notes: Deponent with active meaning of movement.
  2. Aaron — Lemma: Aaron; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: indeclinable; Function: subject; Translation: Aaron; Notes: The high priest acting in the rite.
  3. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: motion toward; Translation: into; Notes: Indicates entry.
  4. tabernaculum — Lemma: tabernaculum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative neuter singular, second declension; Function: object of in; Translation: tent; Notes: Sacred dwelling place.
  5. testimonii — Lemma: testimonium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive neuter singular; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of testimony; Notes: Covenant designation.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: Links accompanying actions.
  7. depositis — Lemma: depono; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect passive participle ablative feminine plural; Function: ablative absolute; Translation: having been laid aside; Notes: Refers to removing sacred garments.
  8. vestibus — Lemma: vestis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative feminine plural, third declension; Function: ablative absolute noun; Translation: garments; Notes: Priestly clothing.
  9. quibus — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: ablative feminine plural; Function: object of means; Translation: with which; Notes: Refers back to the garments.
  10. prius — Lemma: prius; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: temporal modifier; Translation: previously; Notes: Marks earlier time.
  11. indutus — Lemma: induo; Part of Speech: participle; Form: perfect passive participle nominative masculine singular; Function: predicate participle with erat; Translation: clothed; Notes: Describes prior state.
  12. erat — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular imperfect indicative active; Function: auxiliary; Translation: was; Notes: Forms a pluperfect sense with the participle.
  13. cum — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: invariable; Function: introduces temporal clause; Translation: when; Notes: Sets temporal context.
  14. intraret — Lemma: intro; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular imperfect subjunctive active; Function: verb of temporal clause; Translation: he was entering; Notes: Contemporaneous past action.
  15. Sanctuarium — Lemma: sanctuarium; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative neuter singular; Function: object of intraret; Translation: Sanctuary; Notes: The holiest space.
  16. relictisque — Lemma: relinquo; Part of Speech: participle with enclitic; Form: perfect passive participle ablative feminine plural + -que; Function: coordinated ablative absolute; Translation: and having been left; Notes: Adds a further attendant circumstance.
  17. ibi — Lemma: ibi; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: invariable; Function: locative modifier; Translation: there; Notes: Specifies the place where the garments remain.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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