Leviticus 27:32

Posted on April 27, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Lv 27:32 Omnium decimarum bovis et ovis et capræ, quæ sub pastoris virga transeunt, quidquid decimum venerit, sanctificabitur Domino.

Of all the tithes of ox and sheep and goat, which pass under the shepherd’s rod, whatever shall have come as the tenth, shall be sanctified to the LORD.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Omnium of all ADJ.GEN.PL.F
2 decimarum tithes NOUN.GEN.PL.F
3 bovis of ox NOUN.GEN.SG.M
4 et and CONJ
5 ovis of sheep NOUN.GEN.SG.F
6 et and CONJ
7 capræ of goat NOUN.GEN.SG.F
8 quæ which PRON.REL.NOM.PL.F
9 sub under PREP+ACC
10 pastoris of shepherd NOUN.GEN.SG.M
11 virga rod NOUN.ACC.SG.F
12 transeunt pass 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
13 quidquid whatever PRON.INDEF.NOM.SG.N
14 decimum tenth ADJ.NOM.SG.N
15 venerit shall have come 3SG.FUTP.ACT.SUBJ
16 sanctificabitur shall be sanctified 3SG.FUT.PASS.IND
17 Domino to the LORD NOUN.DAT.SG.M

Syntax

Partitive Construction: Omnium decimarum bovis et ovis et capræ — genitive chain specifying the totality and kinds of livestock.

Relative Clause: quæ sub pastoris virga transeunt — quæ refers to the animals counted; sub with accusative virga expresses motion under the rod; pastoris is dependent genitive.

Main Clause: quidquid decimum venerit forms an indefinite relative subject; venerit in future perfect subjunctive expresses completed arrival in counting sequence.

Predicate: sanctificabitur Domino — future passive with dative of reference marking dedication to the LORD.

Morphology

  1. Omnium — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: genitive plural feminine third declension; Function: modifies decimarum; Translation: of all; Notes: indicates total scope.
  2. decimarum — Lemma: decima; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural feminine first declension; Function: partitive genitive; Translation: of tithes; Notes: tenth portions counted from livestock.
  3. bovis — Lemma: bos; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine third declension; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of ox; Notes: first category of herd animal.
  4. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordinates nouns; Translation: and; Notes: links livestock categories.
  5. ovis — Lemma: ovis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine third declension; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of sheep; Notes: second category.
  6. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: coordination; Translation: and; Notes: continues series.
  7. capræ — Lemma: capra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular feminine first declension; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of goat; Notes: third livestock category.
  8. quæ — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: nominative plural feminine; Function: subject of transeunt; Translation: which; Notes: refers to animals being counted.
  9. sub — Lemma: sub; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governing accusative; Function: expresses motion under; Translation: under; Notes: indicates passing beneath the rod.
  10. pastoris — Lemma: pastor; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive singular masculine third declension; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of shepherd; Notes: identifies the one counting.
  11. virga — Lemma: virga; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine first declension; Function: object of sub; Translation: rod; Notes: instrument used in counting livestock.
  12. transeunt — Lemma: transire; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person plural present active indicative; Function: verb of relative clause; Translation: pass; Notes: describes process of counting.
  13. quidquid — Lemma: quidquid; Part of Speech: indefinite pronoun; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: subject of sanctificabitur; Translation: whatever; Notes: universalizing reference.
  14. decimum — Lemma: decimus; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: nominative singular neuter; Function: predicate adjective with venerit; Translation: tenth; Notes: identifies the counted tenth animal.
  15. venerit — Lemma: venire; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future perfect active subjunctive; Function: verb of subordinate clause; Translation: shall have come; Notes: expresses completed arrival in sequence.
  16. sanctificabitur — Lemma: sanctificare; Part of Speech: verb; Form: third person singular future passive indicative first conjugation; Function: main predicate; Translation: shall be sanctified; Notes: passive denotes sacred dedication.
  17. Domino — Lemma: Dominus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: dative singular masculine second declension; Function: dative of reference; Translation: to the LORD; Notes: indicates divine ownership.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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