Numeri 13:22 (Numbers 13:22)

Posted on May 10, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Nm 13:22 Cumque ascendissent, exploraverunt Terram a deserto Sin, usque Rohob intrantibus Emath.

And when they had gone up, they explored the Land from the desert of Sin as far as Rohob, as one enters Emath.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Cumque and when CONJ
2 ascendissent they had gone up 3PL.PLUP.ACT.SUBJ
3 exploraverunt they explored 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
4 Terram the land ACC.SG.F
5 a from PREP+ABL
6 deserto the desert ABL.SG.N
7 Sin Zin GEN.SG.INDECL
8 usque as far as ADV
9 Rohob Rehob ACC.SG.INDECL
10 intrantibus entering ABL.PL.PTCP.PRES.ACT
11 Emath Hamath ACC.SG.INDECL

Syntax

Subordinate Clause: Cumque ascendissent is a temporal clause introducing the action.

Main Clause: exploraverunt Terram is the main statement.

Phrase: a deserto Sin expresses starting point.

Phrase: usque Rohob expresses extent.

Phrase: intrantibus Emath is an ablative participial phrase indicating direction or circumstance.

Morphology

  1. Cumque — Lemma: cum; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable with enclitic; Function: introduces subordinate clause; Translation: and when; Notes: Connects sequence of events.
  2. ascendissent — Lemma: ascendo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: pluperfect active subjunctive third person plural; Function: verb of temporal clause; Translation: they had gone up; Notes: Subjunctive due to cum-clause.
  3. exploraverunt — Lemma: exploro; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative third person plural; Function: main verb; Translation: they explored; Notes: Completed action.
  4. Terram — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine first declension; Function: direct object; Translation: the Land; Notes: Object of exploration.
  5. a — Lemma: a; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: introduces origin; Translation: from; Notes: Marks starting point.
  6. deserto — Lemma: desertum; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular neuter second declension; Function: object of a; Translation: the desert; Notes: Specifies region.
  7. Sin — Lemma: Sin; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: genitive singular indeclinable; Function: dependent genitive; Translation: of Sin; Notes: Identifies location.
  8. usque — Lemma: usque; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: indeclinable; Function: modifies extent; Translation: as far as; Notes: Indicates limit.
  9. Rohob — Lemma: Rohob; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative singular indeclinable; Function: endpoint; Translation: Rohob; Notes: Destination point.
  10. intrantibus — Lemma: intro; Part of Speech: participle; Form: present active participle ablative plural; Function: modifies implied subject; Translation: entering; Notes: Expresses accompanying action.
  11. Emath — Lemma: Emath; Part of Speech: proper noun; Form: accusative singular indeclinable; Function: object of motion; Translation: Emath; Notes: Specifies direction.

 

Numeri 13:22 (Numbers 13:22) = Numeri 13:21 (Numbers 13:21)

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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