Exodus 10:4

Posted on March 1, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 10:4 Sin autem resistis, et non vis dimittere eum: ecce ego inducam cras locustam in fines tuos:

But if you resist and do not wish to send him forth, behold, I will bring tomorrow the locust into your borders;

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Sin but if CONJ
2 autem however ADV.CONJ
3 resistis you resist 2SG.PRES.ACT.IND
4 et and CONJ
5 non not ADV
6 vis you wish 2SG.PRES.ACT.IND
7 dimitere to send forth PRES.ACT.INF
8 eum him ACC.SG.M
9 ecce behold INTERJ
10 ego I NOM.SG.PRON
11 inducam I will bring 1SG.FUT.ACT.IND
12 cras tomorrow ADV
13 locustam locust ACC.SG.F
14 in into PREP+ACC
15 fines borders ACC.PL.M
16 tuos your ACC.PL.M

Syntax

Conditional Protasis:
Sin autem resistis — “But if you resist,”
resistis is the main verb of the condition;
autem adds adversative nuance.

Second Coordinated Verb:
et non vis dimittere eum — “and do not wish to send him forth.”
dimittere is complementary infinitive of vis;
eum is the direct object.

Apodosis:
ecce ego inducam cras locustam in fines tuos — “behold, I will bring tomorrow the locust into your borders.”
inducam is future active indicative;
locustam is the object;
in fines tuos expresses movement into the territory.

Morphology

  1. Sin — Lemma: sin; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: conditional; Function: introduces protasis; Translation: “but if”; Notes: often appears with autem for emphasis.
  2. autem — Lemma: autem; Part of Speech: adverb/conjunction; Form: postpositive; Function: adds adversative emphasis; Translation: “however”; Notes: cannot stand first in clause.
  3. resistis — Lemma: resisto; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 2nd person singular present active indicative; Function: verb of condition; Translation: “you resist”; Notes: commonly with dative object (understood here).
  4. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating; Function: links second verb; Translation: “and”; Notes: simple coordination.
  5. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: negation; Function: negates vis; Translation: “not”; Notes: standard negator.
  6. vis — Lemma: volo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 2nd person singular present active indicative; Function: expresses volition; Translation: “you wish”; Notes: governs infinitive dimittere.
  7. dimitere — Lemma: dimitto; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active infinitive; Function: complementary infinitive of vis; Translation: “to send forth”; Notes: governs object eum.
  8. eum — Lemma: is (id); Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular masculine; Function: direct object of dimittere; Translation: “him”; Notes: refers to Moses’ people collectively.
  9. ecce — Lemma: ecce; Part of Speech: interjection; Form: demonstrative; Function: introduces dramatic announcement; Translation: “behold”; Notes: marks divine immediacy.
  10. ego — Lemma: ego; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative singular; Function: emphatic subject; Translation: “I”; Notes: emphasizes divine agency.
  11. inducam — Lemma: indūco; Part of Speech: verb; Form: 1st person singular future active indicative; Function: main verb of apodosis; Translation: “I will bring”; Notes: predictive threat.
  12. cras — Lemma: cras; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: temporal; Function: modifies inducam; Translation: “tomorrow”; Notes: indicates imminence.
  13. locustam — Lemma: locusta; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: direct object of inducam; Translation: “locust”; Notes: singular used collectively for swarm.
  14. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses motion into; Translation: “into”; Notes: directional sense.
  15. fines — Lemma: finis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: object of in; Translation: “borders”; Notes: territorial boundaries.
  16. tuos — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: adjective/pronoun; Form: accusative plural masculine; Function: modifies fines; Translation: “your”; Notes: refers to Pharaoh’s land.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
This entry was posted in Exodus. Bookmark the permalink.

Comments are closed.