Exodus 10:6

Posted on March 1, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 10:6 Et implebunt domos tuas, et servorum tuorum, et omnium Ægyptiorum: quantam non viderunt patres tui, et avi, ex quo orti sunt super terram, usque in præsentem diem. Avertitque se, et egressus est a Pharaone.

And they shall fill your houses, and the houses of your servants, and of all the Egyptians, such as your fathers and grandfathers have not seen from the time they arose upon the land until the present day. And he turned himself away and went out from Pharao.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Et and CONJ
2 implebunt they will fill 3PL.FUT.ACT.IND
3 domos houses ACC.PL.F
4 tuas your ACC.PL.F.POSS
5 et and CONJ
6 servorum of the servants GEN.PL.M
7 tuorum your GEN.PL.M.POSS
8 et and CONJ
9 omnium of all GEN.PL.M/N
10 Ægyptiorum of the Egyptians GEN.PL.M
11 quantam such as ACC.SG.F.REL
12 non not ADV.NEG
13 viderunt they have seen 3PL.PERF.ACT.IND
14 patres fathers NOM.PL.M
15 tui your GEN.SG.M.POSS
16 et and CONJ
17 avi grandfathers NOM.PL.M
18 ex from PREP+ABL
19 quo from which ABL.SG.M.REL
20 orti having arisen NOM.PL.M.PERF.PASS.PTCP
21 sunt they are 3PL.PRES.ACT.IND
22 super upon PREP+ACC
23 terram land ACC.SG.F
24 usque until ADV/PREP
25 in into PREP+ACC
26 præsentem present ACC.SG.F
27 diem day ACC.SG.M
28 Avertitque and he turned away 3SG.PERF.ACT.IND+ENCLITIC
29 se himself ACC.SG.REFL.PRON
30 et and CONJ
31 egressus having gone out NOM.SG.M.PERF.PASS.PTCP
32 est was 3SG.PRES.ACT.IND
33 a from PREP+ABL
34 Pharaone Pharaoh ABL.SG.M

Syntax

Future main clause:
Et implebunt domos tuas — “And they shall fill your houses.”
Implied subject (from context: the locusts) acts on the direct object domos tuas.

Expansion of sphere:
et servorum tuorum, et omnium Ægyptiorum — genitives depending on “domos” by sense: “and the houses of your servants, and of all the Egyptians.”

Relative clause of degree:
quantam non viderunt patres tui et avi — “such as your fathers and grandfathers have not seen.”
quantam (accusative) is the internal object of viderunt, expressing the extent of the plague.

Temporal relative clause:
ex quo orti sunt super terram — “from the time they arose upon the land.”
ex quo introduces the starting point in time.

Limit of duration:
usque in præsentem diem — “until the present day,” with usque in + accusative marking the terminus ad quem.

Concluding narrative:
Avertitque se — “And he turned himself away,”
et egressus est a Pharaone — “and went out from Pharaoh,” a deponent construction with participle + est.

Morphology

  1. Et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: links this future threat to the preceding statement; Translation: “and”; Notes: frequent narrative connector in the Vulgate.
  2. implebunt — Lemma: impleo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative, third person plural; Function: main verb describing the future action of the locusts; Translation: “they shall fill”; Notes: plural subject understood from context (locusts).
  3. domos — Lemma: domus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: direct object of implebunt; Translation: “houses”; Notes: target of the locust infestation.
  4. tuas — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: accusative plural feminine; Function: modifies domos; Translation: “your”; Notes: addressed to Pharaoh personally.
  5. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: connects additional groups affected; Translation: “and”; Notes: gives cumulative scope.
  6. servorum — Lemma: servus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: possessive genitive (understood “houses of the servants”); Translation: “of the servants”; Notes: refers to Pharaoh’s servants.
  7. tuorum — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: modifies servorum; Translation: “your”; Notes: reinforces Pharaoh’s responsibility for his household.
  8. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: adds a third affected group; Translation: “and”; Notes: parallel with previous et.
  9. omnium — Lemma: omnis; Part of Speech: adjective/pronoun; Form: genitive plural (masculine or neuter); Function: modifies Ægyptiorum; Translation: “of all”; Notes: universalizes the impact across Egypt.
  10. Ægyptiorum — Lemma: Ægyptius; Part of Speech: noun; Form: genitive plural masculine; Function: possessive genitive; Translation: “of the Egyptians”; Notes: ethnic term in the plural.
  11. quantam — Lemma: quantus; Part of Speech: relative/interrogative adjective; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: internal object in the relative clause of degree; Translation: “such as” / “how great a”; Notes: feminine by attraction to an implied noun like “cladem” or “multitudinem.”
  12. non — Lemma: non; Part of Speech: adverb; Form: negative adverb; Function: negates viderunt; Translation: “not”; Notes: standard clausal negation.
  13. viderunt — Lemma: video; Part of Speech: verb; Form: perfect active indicative, third person plural; Function: main verb of the relative clause; Translation: “they have seen”; Notes: perfect tense, referring to completed past experience.
  14. patres — Lemma: pater; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: subject of viderunt; Translation: “fathers”; Notes: ancestors of Pharaoh’s generation.
  15. tui — Lemma: tuus; Part of Speech: possessive adjective; Form: genitive singular masculine; Function: possessive modifying patres; Translation: “your”; Notes: personalizes the comparison.
  16. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: adds a second subject group; Translation: “and”; Notes: links patres and avi.
  17. avi — Lemma: avus; Part of Speech: noun; Form: nominative plural masculine; Function: coordinate subject of viderunt; Translation: “grandfathers”; Notes: older generation than patres, intensifying the time span.
  18. ex — Lemma: ex; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: preposition governing ablative; Function: introduces the starting point in time; Translation: “from”; Notes: often used in temporal expressions with a relative pronoun.
  19. quo — Lemma: qui; Part of Speech: relative pronoun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of ex in the temporal-relative phrase; Translation: “from which”; Notes: refers to the time when the ancestors arose.
  20. orti — Lemma: orior; Part of Speech: participle (deponent); Form: nominative plural masculine perfect participle (passive in form, active in sense); Function: part of the periphrastic verb with sunt; Translation: “have arisen”; Notes: used of coming into being or rising up.
  21. sunt — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative, third person plural; Function: auxiliary with orti; Translation: “they are” / “they have”; Notes: forms a perfect periphrastic with the participle.
  22. super — Lemma: super; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses position “upon”; Translation: “upon”; Notes: here spatial, describing their existence on the earth.
  23. terram — Lemma: terra; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: object of super; Translation: “land”; Notes: likely “the earth” or the land in general.
  24. usque — Lemma: usque; Part of Speech: adverb/preposition; Form: temporal/limit marker; Function: introduces the end point; Translation: “until”; Notes: often combined with in + accusative.
  25. in — Lemma: in; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs accusative; Function: part of the phrase usque in indicating limit; Translation: “into / to”; Notes: here best rendered with “until” in English.
  26. præsentem — Lemma: præsens; Part of Speech: adjective; Form: accusative singular feminine; Function: modifies diem; Translation: “present”; Notes: specifies the current time.
  27. diem — Lemma: dies; Part of Speech: noun; Form: accusative singular (common gender, treated here as masculine); Function: object of usque in; Translation: “day”; Notes: completes the temporal limit expression.
  28. Avertitque — Lemma: averto; Part of Speech: verb (+ enclitic); Form: perfect active indicative, third person singular, with enclitic -que; Function: main verb of the concluding action; Translation: “and he turned away”; Notes: -que links this verb to the following clause.
  29. se — Lemma: sui; Part of Speech: reflexive pronoun; Form: accusative singular; Function: direct object of avertitque; Translation: “himself”; Notes: reflexive back to Moses.
  30. et — Lemma: et; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: coordinating conjunction; Function: joins the second narrative action; Translation: “and”; Notes: links the two sequential verbs.
  31. egressus — Lemma: egredior; Part of Speech: participle (deponent); Form: nominative singular masculine perfect participle (passive in form, active in sense); Function: forms a periphrastic perfect with est; Translation: “having gone out”; Notes: deponent verb with active meaning.
  32. est — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: present active indicative, third person singular; Function: auxiliary with egressus; Translation: “was / has”; Notes: completes the perfect periphrastic “he went out.”
  33. a — Lemma: a/ab; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses separation; Translation: “from”; Notes: marks departure from a person.
  34. Pharaone — Lemma: Pharao; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: object of a; Translation: “Pharaoh”; Notes: identifies the person from whom Moses departs.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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