Exodus 12:10

Posted on March 3, 2006 by Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Ex 12:10 Nec remanebit quidquam ex eo usque mane. si quid residuum fuerit, igne comburetis.

And nothing shall remain from it until morning. If anything should be left over, you shall burn it with fire.

# Latin Gloss Grammar Tag
1 Nec nor CONJ
2 remanebit shall remain 3SG.FUT.ACT.IND
3 quidquam anything ACC.SG.N.INDEF
4 ex from PREP+ABL
5 eo it ABL.SG.M/N.PRON
6 usque until PREP+ACC
7 mane morning ACC.SG.N
8 si if CONJ
9 quid anything NOM/ACC.SG.N.INDEF
10 residuum left over NOM/ACC.SG.N
11 fuerit shall be 3SG.FUT.PERF.ACT.IND
12 igne with fire ABL.SG.M
13 comburetis you shall burn 2PL.FUT.ACT.IND

Syntax

Negative Future Statement: Nec remanebit quidquam ex eo usque mane — “Nor shall anything remain from it until morning,” with remanebit as main verb, quidquam as subject/object (impersonal), and ex eo indicating source.
Temporal Limit: usque mane — accusative of time expressing terminus.

Conditional Clause: si quid residuum fuerit — “if anything should be left over,” using future perfect fuerit to mark a condition prior to the main action.

Main Clause of Apodosis: igne comburetis — “you shall burn [it] with fire,” with instrumental ablative igne.

Morphology

  1. Nec — Lemma: nec; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: continues prohibition with negative force; Translation: “nor”; Notes: connects to previous directives.
  2. remanebit — Lemma: remaneo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative third person singular; Function: main verb of prohibition; Translation: “shall remain”; Notes: expresses rule for Passover leftovers.
  3. quidquam — Lemma: quisquam; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of remanebit; Translation: “anything”; Notes: strongest Latin form for “anything at all.”
  4. ex — Lemma: ex; Part of Speech: preposition; Form: governs ablative; Function: expresses source/removal; Translation: “from”; Notes: indicates originating substance.
  5. eo — Lemma: is; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: ablative singular; Function: object of ex; Translation: “it”; Notes: refers to the Passover lamb.
  6. usque — Lemma: usque; Part of Speech: preposition/adverb; Form: governs accusative; Function: expresses limit; Translation: “until”; Notes: often paired with a temporal noun.
  7. mane — Lemma: mane; Part of Speech: noun/adverbial noun; Form: accusative singular neuter; Function: object of usque; Translation: “morning”; Notes: used commonly as an adverbial time word.
  8. si — Lemma: si; Part of Speech: conjunction; Form: indeclinable; Function: introduces condition; Translation: “if”; Notes: standard conditional marker.
  9. quid — Lemma: quis/quid; Part of Speech: pronoun; Form: nominative/accusative singular neuter; Function: subject of fuerit; Translation: “anything”; Notes: indefinite in conditional context.
  10. residuum — Lemma: residuus; Part of Speech: adjective (substantivized); Form: nominative/accusative singular neuter; Function: predicate adjective; Translation: “left over”; Notes: describes remaining portion.
  11. fuerit — Lemma: sum; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future perfect active indicative third singular; Function: verb of conditional clause; Translation: “shall be”; Notes: indicates time prior to the burning.
  12. igne — Lemma: ignis; Part of Speech: noun; Form: ablative singular masculine; Function: ablative of means; Translation: “with fire”; Notes: instrument of destruction.
  13. comburetis — Lemma: comburo; Part of Speech: verb; Form: future active indicative second plural; Function: main verb of apodosis; Translation: “you shall burn”; Notes: expresses required disposal procedure.

 

About Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus

Born around 346 A.D. in Stridon, St. Jerome was a scholar fluent in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew whose ascetic discipline and deep engagement with Scripture prepared him for a monumental task: translating the Bible into Latin. Commissioned by Pope Damasus I around 382 A.D., Jerome began by revising the flawed Old Latin Gospels, then expanded his work to the entire Bible. For the New Testament, he corrected Latin texts using Greek manuscripts; for the Old Testament, he translated most books directly from Hebrew—a controversial but principled choice. His final Psalter, however, followed the Greek Septuagint tradition for liturgical use. This composite translation, later known as the Vulgate (editio vulgata), became the authoritative biblical text of the Western Church, formally endorsed at the Council of Trent in 1546. The Vulgate’s influence extends beyond theology into textual criticism and Latin education. As one of the earliest translations grounded in original-language scholarship, it offers a vital witness to the state of biblical texts in late antiquity. Jerome’s lexical and syntactic decisions are studied to trace manuscript history and assess variant readings. Its elegant Latin, consistent in grammar and rich in vocabulary, became a model for medieval and Renaissance learning, bridging classical and ecclesiastical Latin. More than a translation, the Vulgate helped define Christian doctrine, preserved the Latin language, and laid essential groundwork for the critical study of Scripture—remaining indispensable to students of Latin, theology, and textual history.
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